their second day of life. At 6 weeks after delivery, only 4.7% of infants were infected, reported Francois Dabis, MD, of Universite Victor Segalen, in Bordeaux, France. Giving the women a short course of triple therapy after delivery—the Combivir plus the lingering effects of the nevirapine—also helped minimize the development of nevirapine resistance mutations in the women. Overall frequency of resistance mutations in the mothers, determined 4 weeks postpartum, was 1.1% for nevirapine and 8.33% for lamivudine. “This is among the lowest [vertical] transmission rates in Africa, the lowest rate of nevirapine resistance when using single-dose nevirapine, and very low adverse effects,” noted Dabis. “This is very promising for low-income countries,” he said. “Some sites with appropriate infrastructure and training, and where national policies permit, are considering implementing this regimen to reduce resistance,” the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation noted in a statement. “In the meantime, we need to provide women with a range of choices to prevent HIV infection in their infants.” The World Health Organization is considering revising its guidelines on nevirapine use in low-income countries, said Dabis. “The idea is to come up with a menu of options as simple and realistic as possible” to decrease mother-to-child transmission, he said, a menu that could include a singledose nevirapine or a short course of combination therapy to triple-drug combination therapy in settings in which global efforts to expand access to antiretroviral therapy are taking hold. Experts stressed it is essential to keep single-dose nevirapine as an option when other regimens are unavailable. “We need to improve access to better regimens wherever possible,” said McIntyre. For the majority of pregnant women in the developing world who currently have access to nothing, “single-dose nevirapine is a starting point,” he added.