Delving into the Latest Updates on Parishin C with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms-

Target

Nrf2

Action

stimulants

Mechanism

Nrf2 stimulants(Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 stimulants)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Neuroinflammation

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Northeastern University

Active Organization

Northeastern University

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC32H40O19

InChIKeyPMVCHAWVCIWVLP-KDSCYBBXSA-N

CAS Registry174972-80-6

Fasciola spp. is a significant parasitic threat to both humans and livestock, causing estimated economic losses of US$3.2 billion annually, including treatment expenses and reduced on-farm productivity. The study was aimed at performing the phytochemical profiling, evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of Artemisia absinthium against different life stages of Fasciola gigantica, and in silico identification of hit compounds from the extract. The ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the phytochemicals in the extract. Ovicidal and adulticidal assays were used for in vitro anthelmintic evaluation. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking of identified phytochemicals was conducted against proteins, thioredoxin, glutathione S-transferase, and cathepsin L. Phytochemical analysis identified 22 compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenols, and revealed Parishin C and Parishin B as the distinct compounds in the extract. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent ovicidal efficacy, at 50 μg/mL, the percentage of undeveloped ova was 84.33 % for A. absinthium and 88 % for albendazole. In the adulticidal assay, a concentration- and time-dependent response was observed, with comparable efficacy to that of albendazole. In silico results showed the strong inhibitory potential of Parishin C and Parishin B against all protein, and unveiled them as potential hit compounds. These findings validated the anthelmintic activity of A. absinthium and underscore its potential as a natural source of antifasciolic agents. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of parishins across all proteins positions them as promising candidates for the development of novel anthelmintic therapies against drug-resistant Fasciola species.

01 Dec 2025·Natural Products and Bioprospecting

Chemoprofiling of Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge leaves reveals predominance of gastrodigenin and structurally related compounds

Article

Author: De Agostini, Antonio ; Chiocchio, Ilaria ; Poli, Ferruccio ; Tarozzi, Clarissa ; Mandrone, Manuela ; Cortis, Pierluigi ; Sanna, Cinzia

Abstract:

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to phytochemically profile Himantoglossum robertianum leaves. In fact, despite its wide distribution and its use in traditional medicine, this orchid is still understudied and little is known about its phytochemicals.

Methods:

The analyses were performed by 1H NMR fingerprinting, elucidated by further 2D NMR and UHPLC-MS experiments. Both primary and secondary metabolites were qualified and quantified. The study was carried out comparing six natural populations by metabolomics approach, allowing further considerations on the influence of the environment on the concentration of metabolites.

Results:

This work brings to light a surprising phytochemical parallel between H. robertianum and the medicinal orchid Gastrodia elata. In fact, the most abundant specialized metabolites resulted: gastrodigenin, gastrodin, bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether, parishin A, parishin C, and parishin E. Interestingly, these metabolites are all known for their potential in the treatment of neurological disorders and are, indeed, the active principles of Gastrodia elata, an important orchid used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The active metabolites were present in all the natural populations, where only slight variations in their concentration were revealed.

Conclusion:

Mapping the metabolome of H. robertianum leaves has provided new insights into the study of orchids, including diagnostic signals for rapid identification of gastrodigenin-like compounds directly from the 1H NMR profile of a crude extract. From a bioprospecting perspective, finding active metabolites in leaves makes the plant source more valuable than the perennial hypogeal organs that are usually the herbal drug of orchids (i.e. G. elata).

Graphical Abstract:

01 Jul 2025·PHYTOMEDICINE

A comprehensive pharmacology study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma

Article

Author: Fu, Yan ; Zhao, Zhihuang ; Liu, Yu-E ; Liu, Pei ; He, Hui ; You, Zili ; Wang, Lulu ; Yang, Chengyan ; Zhang, Jinqiang ; Zhou, Tao ; Xiao, Chenghong ; Zhang, Haili ; Wang, Meidan ; Ge, Yangyan

BACKGROUND:

Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) and its extract have been widely used in the treatment of depression, but the underlying mechanism of its antidepressant effects is unclear due to its numerous components.

PURPOSE:

Revealing the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of GR through a comprehensive pharmacology-based in vivo and in vitro investigation.

METHODS:

A mouse model of depression was established using chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure, and the antidepressant effects of GR were evaluated using systematic behavior. Metabolites in GR decoction and in mouse brain were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS technology. Core components and targets of GR against MDD were screened based on network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. The mechanism through which GR mitigated MDD was explored using transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry and western blotting in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS:

A total of 273 components were identified in the GR decoction, out of which 15 were detected in the brain of depressed mice treated with the GR decoction. We further identified nine key active ingredients, six essential targets, and fifth signaling pathways associated with the therapeutic effects of GR against MDD. We confirmed that the active ingredients of GR can target the neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) in the hippocampus of depressed mice to promote neurogenesis, as evidenced by a significant increase in the numbers of DCX⁺ cells, BrdU⁺ cells, BrdU⁺-DCX⁺ cells, and BrdU⁺-NeuN⁺ cells within the hippocampus of GR-treated mice compared to salinetreated mice under CMS exposure. Moreover, we have identified that the key active constituents of GR, namely gastrodin and parishin C, exert a targeted effect on EGFR to activate PI3K-Akt signaling in NSPCs, thereby facilitating proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs.

CONCLUSION:

The antidepressant effect of GR involves the facilitation of PI3K/Akt-mediated neurogenesis through gastrodin and parishin C targeting EGFR in NSPCs.

100 Deals associated with Parishin C

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