Author: Moodley, Nishila ; Vaccher, Stefanie ; Smoll, Nicholas ; Tata, Sarat ; Seymour, Mikaela ; Preston-Thomas, Annie ; Tafa, Sarai ; Hou, Levi ; O'Connor, Sean

OBJECTIVESThe burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Pacific guest workers in Australia is currently unknown. Our study determined the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and treponemal infection in a group of predominately Solomon Islands guest workers in Australia in 2023. In addition, we sought to understand the effect of sex, age and type of sexual activity on the risk of STIs in this population group.METHODSWorkers under one employer were offered chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine polymerase chain reaction testing, treponemal serology with reflex rapid plasma reagin testing, and HIV testing via antibody/antigen detection. Descriptive analyses identified population characteristics and infection frequencies. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of diagnosis, reported as odds ratios.RESULTSThe participation rate was 93% (n=391). The median age was 31.9 years (interquartile range: 22.9-40.9) and 86.5% were male. Chlamydia (18.5%) and gonorrhoea (1.8%) were common among guest workers. No cases of HIV were diagnosed. Treponemal-specific reactive tests (48.5%) suggested yaws or syphilis exposure despite being asymptomatic, with 37.1% of these having an rapid plasma reagin titre equal to or exceeding 1:16. Women were 3.71 times more likely to have chlamydia [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-6.93].CONCLUSIONHigh rates of chlamydia and positive treponemal serology may reflect high rates of untreated STIs.IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTHThis unique dataset guides potential screening programs for Pacific guest workers to complement existing education programs.

01 Dec 2024·Health Education Journal

A content analysis of freely available menstrual education resources in Australia

Author: Moran, Claire ; Blackmore, Bianca ; Wigginton, Britta

Background: Sexual and reproductive health education is central to both international and national public health policy and priority action areas. However, menstruation education remains peripheral in both policy and school curricula. This article aims to investigate the extent and depth of menstruation education in Australia available outside of mainstream education channels. Methods: We conducted an inductive content analysis of publicly available Australian sexual and reproductive health educational resources targeting young menstruators and parents, which at least mentioned menstruation. Resources were accessed via a desktop search (using Google) to ensure that they were accessible to the public and were provided by not-for-profit or government organisations. Results: We identified a total of 31 resources from 10 organisations and subjected them to conventional content analysis. Our inductive coding process focused on the extent and depth of menstruation content. The main content areas included a discussion of pads and tampons, menarche, period pains, when to see a doctor and pre-menstrual syndrome. Three key themes were identified across the resources: holism, normalisation and managing menstruation. Conclusions: We develop recommendations for organisations developing or improving their menstruation resources and offer future direction for sexual and reproductive health policy and education in Australia that is inclusive of menstruation. The recommendations relate to the three themes identified during the analysis and include concepts such as recognising the biological changes that come with menstruation, variation of menstruation experiences, normality and assumptions about menstruation and menstrual hygiene management.

01 Jul 2024·Culture, Health & Sexuality

Developing critical HIV health literacy: insights from interviews with priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia

Article

Author: Abell, Bridget ; Mullens, Amy B. ; Istiko, Satrio Nindyo ; Hollingdrake, Olivia ; Kirunda, Vanessa ; Debattista, Joseph ; Hou, Jenny Zhengye ; Durham, Jo ; Moreno, Miguel Eduardo Valencia ; Lobo, Roanna ; Parma, Gianna ; Osborne, Richard ; Howard, Chris ; Remata, Simeon ; Gu, Zhihong ; Ndayizeye, Aimable ; Vujcich, Daniel

In Australia, surveillance data establish that there are higher rates of late HIV diagnoses among heterosexual migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and new HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men (GBM) from Southeast and Northeast Asia and Latin America. Together, these groups are identified as priority migrant communities in current efforts to eliminate HIV transmissions. HIV health literacy is recognised as a key means of improving access to services and health outcomes. This qualitative paper explores critical HIV health literacy among priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia. To foreground community voices, peer researchers from priority migrant communities participated in the project design, data collection and analysis, with 20 interviews completed. The findings demonstrate how participants' engagement with HIV health information and services is highly relational and situated within the framework of sexual health and wellbeing. Participants strategically selected where to seek information and who they trusted to help them appraise this information. They further demonstrated reflective capacities in identifying the contextual barriers that inhibit the development of their HIV health literacy. The findings highlight the need for HIV health promotion strategies that embrace a sex positive approach, promote cultural change, and involve collaboration with general practitioners (GPs).

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