Chasing the “White Plague” in the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin – A case with tuberculous meningitis discovered in a Sarmatian-period (2nd–3rd-century-CE) storage pit from the archaeological site of Kiskundorozsma–Daruhalom-dűlő II (Hungary)

Article

Author: Kiss P, Attila ; Major, István ; Szigeti, Anna ; Madai, Ágota ; Kis, Luca ; Spekker, Olga ; Szalontai, Csaba ; De Andrés Montero, Marcos

The aim of our paper is to demonstrate a case (KD429) with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) from the 2nd-3rd‒century‒CE Carpathian Basin. The skeleton of KD429 was subject to a detailed macromorphological evaluation, focusing on the detection of pathological lesions likely related to tuberculosis (TB). It was the presence of endocranial alterations, especially the TB-specific granular impressions, based on which the diagnosis of TBM was established in KD429. Besides KD429, only eight cases with TB have been published from the Sarmatian-period (1st-5th centuries CE) Carpathian Basin. Reports of archaeological cases with TB, like KD429, can provide invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of the disease in the past. Nonetheless, to get a more accurate picture about the burden that TB may have put on the Sarmatians, the systematic macromorphological (re-)evaluation of their osteoarchaeological series would be advantageous. Interestingly, the skeleton of KD429 was unearthed from not a grave-pit but a storage pit from the archaeological site of Kiskundorozsma-Daruhalom-dűlő II (Hungary). At the current state of research, the motive behind the exclusion of KD429 from the "normal" burial custom cannot be determined; therefore, it remains an open question whether their disease (TBM) played a role in it or not.

10 Apr 2025·Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies

The scope of freedom of expression and the notion of ‘expressive conduct’ in the practice of the Hungarian Constitutional Court

Author: Koltay, András

AbstractSince 2018, the Constitutional Court of Hungary has decided several cases relating to symbolic speech and opinions expressed through actions (‘expressive conduct’). This paper attempts to review and critique these judgments in light of the relevant ECtHR jurisprudence. The scope of freedom of expression and the protection of speech are related but fundamentally different issues. Certain acts, even without constituting actual speech, are clearly protected by freedom of expression. The lines can be difficult to draw, and speech (expressive conduct) that is outside the scope is not covered by the constitutional protection of freedom of expression. However, where the speech or action is within the scope, the compatibility of the speech restriction applied with the protection of freedom of expression must still be examined. The paper argues that in some cases the conduct in question was unjustifiably excluded from the scope of freedom of expression by the Constitutional Court. Moreover, in the cases examined, the Court did not apply the appropriate fundamental rights tests, not even in cases where the exercise of freedom of expression was recognised.

04 Apr 2025·Organic Letters

Introducing Rigidity into the GFP Chromophore via a Boron Bridge: Insights and Application in Two-Photon Imaging

Article

Author: Petrilla, Brigitta ; Turczel, Gábor ; Steckel, Arnold ; Matuscsák, Anett ; Mucsi, Zoltán ; Schlosser, Gitta ; Csomos, Attila ; Rózsa, Balázs J. ; Kovács, Ervin ; Cseri, Levente

A new family of azaborine fluorophores, consisting of ten compounds, has been developed that mimics the chromophore of green fluorescent protein, with conformation locked by a hydroxyboron bridge. These fluorophores exhibit fluorescence Stokes shifts up to 100 nm (0.56 eV) and high brightness (>10⁴ M^-1 cm^-1) in the 408-525 nm range. Their potential utility for sensing applications was demonstrated by constructing zinc sensors capable of detecting 100 micromolar Zn²⁺ concentrations in biological systems with two-photon microscopy.

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