Objectives:Neuroblastoma (NB) is a prevalent pediatric solid malignancy associated
with significant morbidity and mortality, largely driven by epigenetic alterations.
This review aims to identify novel biomarkers related to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)
and DNA methylation in NB to enhance prognostic capabilities.Methods:We conducted a detailed analysis of the interplay between lncRNAs and DNA
methylation in NB, focusing on regulatory variations and their implications for disease
progression. Key lncRNAs, including GTL2/MEG3, DALI, NBAT-1, and DLX6-AS1,
were examined for their regulation by DNA methylation through cis- and trans-methylation
mechanisms.Results:There are clinical and biological implications of lncRNAs in NB and related
cancers. Notably, GTL2 and its alias MEG3 are implicated in tumorigenesis through epigenetic
modifications, such as hypermethylation, leading to the loss of gene expression
and aggressive tumor behavior. Similarly, the interactions of DALI with adjacent genes
illustrate the crucial role lncRNAs play in neuronal differentiation and tumor progression,
suggesting their potential to impact prognosis through regulatory effects. Furthermore,
NBAT-1 emerges as a promising tumor suppressor with strong correlations to NB
prognosis, where its methylation-induced silencing is associated with negative outcomes.
DLX6-AS1 is also linked to increased NB risk, with expression patterns correlating
to disease stage and survival rates; however, more extensive survival data are required
to establish its prognostic value.Conclusion:This review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as prognostic indicators in
NB, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate their roles and validate them
as biomarkers for improved patient outcomes.