A review.This study investigates the role of microRNA-4521 (miR-4521) as a novel biomarker for human lentigos, a common benign skin lesion characterized by localized hyperpigmentation.Through a comprehensive anal. of skin biopsies from patients with lentigos and healthy controls, we identified significantly elevated levels of miR-4521 expression in lentigo lesions compared to normal skin.Functional assays demonstrated that miR-4521 modulates key cellular pathways associated with melanogenesis and cell proliferation, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiol. of lentigo development.Addnl., our results indicate that miR-4521 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker, as its expression levels correlated with the clin. severity of the lesions.In silico anal. revealed potential target genes of miR-4521 that are involved in pigmentation regulation, supporting its role in melanocyte function.This study highlights miR-4521 as a promising biomarker for lentigos and provides insight into the mol. mechanisms underlying their formation, paving the way for future research into targeted therapies and early diagnostic strategies for pigmented skin lesions.