RFXANK

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

ANKRA1, Ankyrin repeat family A protein 1, BLS

+ [9]

Introduction

Activates transcription from class II MHC promoters. Activation requires the activity of the MHC class II transactivator/CIITA. May regulate other genes in the cell. RFX binds the X1 box of MHC-II promoters (PubMed:10072068, PubMed:10725724, PubMed:9806546). May also potentiate the activation of RAF1 (By similarity). Isoform 2 is not involved in the positive regulation of MHC class II genes.

100 Clinical Results associated with RFXANK

100 Translational Medicine associated with RFXANK

0 Patents (Medical) associated with RFXANK

176

Literatures (Medical) associated with RFXANK

01 Mar 2025·International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Integrons are key players in the spread of beta-lactamase-encoding genes

Review

Author: Tacão, Marta ; Henriques, Isabel ; Tavares, Rafael D S

Integrons mediate the acquisition and expression of gene cassettes (GCs). The production of beta-lactamases (BLs) is the most relevant mechanism of beta-lactams resistance. To explore the role of integrons in BL genes dissemination, sequences and metadata were retrieved from the INTEGRALL database and a literature review performed. Integrons (mostly class 1) carrying ≥1 BL-encoding genes (n = 1981) were detected in 37 bacterial genera and encoded BLs from 18 families. A total of 159 BL-encoding gene cassettes (BLGCs) were identified, representing all Ambler classes, with bla_OXA-, bla_VIM- and bla_IMP-carrying integrons the most prevalent. bla_GES, bla_BEL and most metallo-BLs were exclusively associated with integrons. BL genes from 13 families were identified as genes captured by ISCR1 in complex integrons (n = 234), namely bla_NDM, bla_CTX-M and bla_TEM. Frequently co-detected GCs encoded resistance to all major classes of antibiotics, namely aminoglycosides, phenicols and trimethoprim. Most BLGCs encoded resistance to carbapenems (n = 90) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent host. Most bla-carrying integrons were from clinical contexts and wastewater was the richest environmental compartment. The frequent association of BLs and integrons indicates a significant role in dissemination of beta-lactams resistance. Considering that integrons are (i) low-cost structures often associated with other mobile elements, and (ii) often carry multiple GCs (interchangeable according to environmental stimuli), the association of BL genes with integrons should always be considered a risk factor for the spread of beta-lactam resistance when performing surveillance and epidemiological studies. Further studies monitoring prevalence and diversity of integrons, particularly across non-clinical environments, will draw a more comprehensive picture of integron-associated dissemination of beta-lactams resistance.

01 Mar 2025·European Journal of Immunology

Monogenic Common Variable Immunodeficiency (Mo‐CVID) Score for Optimizing the Genetic Diagnosis in Pediatric CVID Cohort

Article

Author: Cortimiglia, Martina ; Calistri, Elisa ; Azzari, Chiara ; Barbati, Federica ; Palterer, Boaz ; Quaranta, Francesca ; Ricci, Silvia ; Maggi, Laura ; Boscia, Silvia ; Lodi, Lorenzo ; Annunziato, Francesco ; Mazzoni, Alessio

ABSTRACTCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents an “umbrella” diagnosis due to its clinical and immunological heterogeneity. The primary objective of this study was to describe a cohort of CVID pediatric subjects from clinical, immunological, and genetic viewpoints. Secondary, we propose a model for prioritizing genetic investigations in these patients. Thirty‐four patients with CVID followed at Meyer Children's Hospital, IRCSS, were enrolled. Whole exome sequencing was performed according to the latest International Union of Immunological Societies 2022 update. Genetic variants were identified in 16 patients (47%), including known variants in SLC39A7, PRKCD, STAT3, NFKB1, PIK3R1, PLCG2, RFXANK, PRKDC, TNFRSF13B, and novel variants in SPI1, NFKB1, NFKB2. Comparing the Gene+ and Gene− cohorts, we demonstrated that a monogenic cause is more likely to be found in cases of early disease onset, positive family history, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and specific immunological alterations. Using these criteria, we developed a pediatric monogenic CVID (Mo‐CVID) score to hypothesize when a CVID pediatric patient is more likely to carry a genetic mutation. A scoring system such as the Mo‐CVID score could help physicians prioritize genetic testing. Genetic analysis in CVID patients can help stratify patients into different disease entities to predict complications and prognosis, ensure appropriate genetic counseling, and personalize treatment.

01 Feb 2025·Heliyon

Investigating the production and synergistic antibacterial activity of bacteriocin-like substance from Brevibacillus laterosporus SA-14 (TISTR 2453) for enhanced wound healing

Article

Author: Atipairin, Apichart ; Lertcanawanichakul, Monthon ; Madoromae, Husna ; Tayeh, Malatee

The rise in antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, especially Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a global health concern. Bacteriocins are promising antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to enhance the production of bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) from Brevibacillus laterosporus SA-14 (TISTR 2453) by optimizing nutrients, evaluating antibacterial activity, assessing synergy with vancomycin, and testing the cytotoxicity and wound healing effects on human keratinocytes. The results showed that when the SA-14 strain was cultured in half-formula Luria-Bertani broth (LB/2) with added carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, and lactose), all cultures reached the late log phase at 24 h, and antibacterial activity was exhibited against various MRSA strains after 48 h, except for the LB/2 supplemented with glucose, likely due to carbon catabolite repression. However, the addition of nitrogen sources, including skim milk, peptone, and beef extract resulted in high antibacterial activity at 48 h, with skim milk being the most effective for BLS production. The BLS was precipitated with 80 % ammonium sulfate, achieving a 38.09 % yield and a protein concentration of 6.97 ± 1.12 mg/mL. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed five bands of proteins with molecular weights of 25-250 kDa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of BLS ranged from 0.44 to 0.87 mg/mL, with an minimum bactericidal concentration) of 0.87 mg/mL for all MRSA strains. A synergistic effect with vancomycin was observed at 0.22 mg/mL BLS and 1 μg/mL vancomycin, with an fractional inhibitory concentration index of 1.00, indicating an additive effect. At a concentration of 0.22 mg/mL, BLS was non-cytotoxic to HaCaT cells and promoted complete wound healing after 48 h. Therefore, BLS produced by the SA-14 strain is suitable for controlling AMR, especially MRSA, and has the potential for application in wound dressings in the future.

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RFXANK

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