GNRHR2

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

GnRH II receptor, GnRH-II-R, GNRHR2

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Introduction

Putative receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone II (GnRH II) which is most probably non-functional.

100 Clinical Results associated with GNRHR2

100 Translational Medicine associated with GNRHR2

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GNRHR2

104

Literatures (Medical) associated with GNRHR2

01 May 2025·General and Comparative Endocrinology

Urotensin II in GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): CDS cloning, tissue distribution, and in vitro regulation of male reproduction

Article

Author: Li, Wensheng ; Sun, Caiyun ; Chen, Xiaoxia ; Lai, Kingwai ; Yu, Xiaozheng ; Zhang, Xusheng ; Bai, Ying ; Lian, Yingying

The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS), present in all jawed vertebrates, except sarcopterygians, is considered a major site of urotensin II (UII) secretion. UII, a 12-amino acid peptide with a conserved hexapeptide ring structure, is also secreted by other tissues and found in sarcopterygians. UII has been associated with endocrine regulation, osmoregulation, and several pathophysiological conditions. In this study, CDS of GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) UII (tUII) and its receptors UT1 (tUT1) and UT2 (tUT2) were cloned from the CNSS and cerebellum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that tUII, tUT1, and tUT2 shared a high homology with the ones of cichlid species, Haplochromis burtoni and Neolamprologus brichardi. Despite variations in precursor peptide sequences, the core sequence of the mature UII peptide remains highly conserved. tUII was predominantly expressed in the CNSS, while tUT1 and tUT2 were widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues of male and female tilapia. Functional studies revealed that synthetic tUII significantly activated luciferase activity in HEK293T cells transiently transfected with pNFAT-TA-Luc vectors and tUT1 or tUT2. In vitro studies in male GIFT Nile tilapia showed that tUII stimulated mRNA expression of gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3 in a dose-dependent manner by brain fragments, as well as fshβ, lhβ, and gthα by primary culture of pituitary cells. Furthermore, tUII promoted the expression of gnrhr1, gnrhr2, and gnrhr3 in pituitary cells and stimulated mRNA levels of fshr, lhr, arα, cyp11b2, and dmrt1 in testicular tissue. All these stimulatory effects of tUII on gene expression mentioned above were blocked by the non-selective UT antagonist urantide, suggesting for the first time that the actions of tUII were mediated via tUT1 or tUT2. In addition, tUII could significantly stimulate the secretion of testosterone by testis fragments. Taken together, these results suggest that tUII may play a role in reproductive regulation in male GIFT Nile tilapia.

01 Apr 2025·Journal of Environmental Management

Long-term effects of individual and combined exposure to microplastics and copper in zebrafish hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis – A multi-biomarker evaluation

Article

Author: Bellas, Juan ; Cabecinha, Edna ; Santos, Dércia ; Monteiro, Sandra M ; Luzio, Ana

Microplastics (MPs) pollution and metal contamination are two prominent environmental stressors with multifaceted implications for aquatic life and ecosystem health. However, the underlying toxicological mechanisms of MPs and metals co-exposure on fish reproduction processes are largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to MPs (2 mg/L), copper (25 μg/L, Cu25), and their mixture (Cu25 + MPs), for 30 days. The oxidative stress response, along with the expression profile of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes in the brain and gonad of zebrafish, were evaluated. The findings demonstrated that exposure to MPs and Cu affects the antioxidant system of zebrafish brain and gonads, inhibiting GPx in individuals exposed to MPs, Cu25, and their mixture. The gene expression analysis revealed dysregulation of the HPG axis-related genes. Specifically, the androgen receptor (ar), estrogen receptor 1 (esr1), follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 (gnrh2) were upregulated in the brain, whereas the genes esr2a, ar, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (cyp11a) and cyp19a were upregulated in the gonads. Both the biochemical and gene expression results showed that the brain and gonads were differently affected by MPs and Cu with the effects varying with fish gender. Furthermore, the mixture exposure affected the brain the most, and the individual pollutants affected the gonads the most. Overall, this study highlights that MPs, alone or combined with Cu, adversely affect the HPG axis of zebrafish, posing a potential threat to the reproduction of fish populations.

01 Feb 2025·Poultry Science

The hematopoietic function, histological characteristics, and transcriptome profiling of Wanxi white geese ovary during nesting and late-laying stages

Article

Author: She, Deyong ; Zhao, Chunfang ; Jin, Tao ; Liu, Xinyu ; Yang, Kefeng ; Li, Shenghe ; Hu, Qianqian ; Ren, Man

Despite several factors influencing reproduction in geese, but the precise molecular mechanisms of egg cessation are not fully understood. In the present study, the hematopoietic parameters and serum hormone levels in Wanxi white geese were analyzed. RNA-Seq was utilized to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) in the ovarian tissues associated with nesting in geese during the late-laying and nesting periods. Triglyceride (TG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in late-laying geese, while white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) levels were significantly lower in late-laying geese. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4) increased significantly during the late-laying period, whereas prolactin (PRL) level was lower in the late-laying period than the nesting period. During the late-laying period, geese had a clear follicular hierarchy, with ovaries exhibiting mature and primary follicles. In the nesting period, the ovaries were degenerated and had many primary follicles without follicular development. Analysis of mRNA-lncRNA expression revealed 1,257 DEGs between the nesting and the late-laying stages, of which 841 were up-regulated and 416 were down-regulated DEGs. A total of 340 DE lncRNAs were identified between the nesting and the late-laying periods, with 113 being up-regulated and 227 down-regulated lncRNAs. DEGs, including TMEM, DRD3, IGFBP7, MAPK13, GnRHR2, HECTD3, KCNU1, OPRD1, and VCAM1, along with DE lncRNAs, including XR_001203613.1, XR_001206155.1, XR_001207759.1, XR_001213571.1 and XR_001214368.1 participate in reproduction in geese. Correlation analysis indicated that the cis-regulation of XR_001213096.1-ITPR3, XR_001203613.1-GALNT15, XR_001206155.1-COL6A3, XR_001207759.1-ANKS1B, and XR_001214368.1-VPS45 participate in the molecular mechanisms underlying nesting in geese. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the DEGs and DE lncRNAs associated with focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, were responsible for the differences in the ovaries between the nesting and late-laying periods. This study offers valuable information on the roles of genes and lncRNAs, and the mechanisms underlying variations in reproductive performance between the late-laying and nesting periods.

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GNRHR2

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