ZAR1

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Oocyte-specific maternal effect factor, Z3CXXC6, ZAR1

+ [2]

Introduction

mRNA-binding protein that mediates formation of MARDO (mitochondria-associated ribonucleoprotein domain), a membraneless compartment that stores maternal mRNAs in oocytes. MARDO assembly around mitochondria is directed by an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte growth. Promotes formation of MARDO phase-separated membraneless compartment by undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation upon binding to maternal mRNAs. Binds to the 3'-UTR of maternal mRNAs. Maternal mRNAs stored in the MARDO are translationally repressed. Essential for female fertility and oocyte-to-embryo transition by coordinating maternal mRNA storage, translation and degradation.

100 Clinical Results associated with ZAR1

100 Translational Medicine associated with ZAR1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with ZAR1

166

Literatures (Medical) associated with ZAR1

28 Mar 2025·Science

A wheat tandem kinase and NLR pair confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens

Article

Author: Gong, Zhen ; Wu, Qiuhong ; Zhang, Huaizhi ; Zhou, Jian-Min ; Su, Min ; Wang, Gaojie ; Li, Hongjie ; Qiu, Dan ; Zhang, Gaohua ; Chen, Yongxing ; Cui, Xuejia ; Yuan, Chengguo ; Dong, Lingli ; Fu, Hongkui ; Li, Beibei ; Lu, Ping ; Li, Miaomiao ; Han, Guan-Zhu ; Chen, Yuhang ; Wang, Yueming ; Liu, Zhiyong ; Zhu, Keyu ; Li, Wenling ; Huang, Baoge ; Hou, Yikun ; Guo, Guanghao ; Dong, Lei ; Li, Jing ; Wang, Ke

Tandem kinase proteins underlie the innate immune systems of cereal plants, but how they initiate plant immune responses remains unclear. This report identifies wheat protein wheat tandem NBD 1 (WTN1), a noncanonical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor featuring tandem nucleotide binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, plant R proteins, and CED-4 (NB-ARC) domains, required for WTK3-mediated disease resistance. Both WTK3 and its allelic variant Rwt4—known for conferring resistance to wheat powdery mildew and blast, respectively—are capable of recognizing the blast effector PWT4. They activate WTN1 to form calcium-permeable channels, akin to ZAR1 and Sr35. Thus, tandem kinase proteins and their associated NLRs operate as “sensor-executor” pairs against fungal pathogens. Additionally, evolutionary analyses reveal a coevolutionary trajectory of the tandem kinase-NLR module, highlighting their cooperative role in triggering plant immunity.

01 Mar 2025·Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

NLR‐mediated antiviral immunity in plants

Review

Author: Zhu, Min ; Feng, Mingfeng ; Tao, Xiaorong

ABSTRACTPlant viruses cause substantial agricultural devastation and economic losses worldwide. Plant nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play a pivotal role in detecting viral infection and activating robust immune responses. Recent advances, including the elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between NLRs and pathogen effectors, the discovery of helper NLRs, and the resolution of the ZAR1 resistosome structure, have significantly deepened our understanding of NLR‐mediated immune responses, marking a new era in NLR research. In this scenario, significant progress has been made in the study of NLR‐mediated antiviral immunity. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress made in plant antiviral NLR research over the past decades, with a focus on NLR recognition of viral pathogen effectors, NLR activation and regulation, downstream immune signaling, and the engineering of NLRs.

01 Mar 2025·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics

Hepatitis B virus impacts embryonic development and methylation of maternal genes in assisted reproductive technology patients

Article

Author: Liu, Xia ; Li, Jinjin ; Ding, Yu ; Wang, Jingyuan ; Dong, Shixiang

PURPOSEIn China, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among infertile couples is a significant clinical problem. It is necessary to determine the effect of HBV infection on embryo development.METHODSThe 4301 fresh cycles and 5763 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles were grouped according to the couple with or without HBV infection. The embryo fertilization rate, cleavage rate, transplantable embryo rate, and rate of high-quality embryos were analysed. The methylation status of maternal antigen that embryos require (MATER), zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes in the peripheral blood of assisted reproductive technology (ART) women was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP).RESULTSThe pregnancy rate of the female HBV-positive group was significantly lower than that of the HBV-negative group. The fertilization rate of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in the male HBV-positive group was significantly lower than that of the male HBV-negative group. There were no differences in biochemistry or clinical pregnancy rates among the FET groups. The promoter methylation of GDF9 in HBV-positive ART women was higher than that in HBV-negative ART women, and that of ZAR1 in HBV-positive ART women was lower than that in HBV-negative ART women.CONCLUSIONIt was a detrimental effect of HBV infection on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ICSI treatment outcomes in women. The HBV infection was associated with the maternal genes promoting methylation.

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ZAR1

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