SLC1A7

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

EAAT5, Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, Retinal glutamate transporter

+ [3]

Introduction

Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:9108121). Acts primarily as an inhibitory glutamate-gated chloride channel being a major inhibitory presynaptic receptor at mammalian rod bipolar cell axon terminals. Glutamate binding gates a large Cl(-) conductance that mediates inhibition, affecting visual processing in the retina (By similarity).

100 Clinical Results associated with SLC1A7

100 Translational Medicine associated with SLC1A7

0 Patents (Medical) associated with SLC1A7

Literatures (Medical) associated with SLC1A7

05 May 2025·Journal of General Physiology

The architecture of invaginating rod synapses slows glutamate diffusion and shapes synaptic responses

Article

Author: Conoan, Nicholas H. ; Bartol, Thomas M. ; Diamond, Jeffrey S. ; Thoreson, Wallace B.

Synapses of retinal rod photoreceptors involve deep invaginations occupied by second-order rod bipolar cell (RBP) and horizontal cell (HC) dendrites. Synaptic vesicles are released into this invagination at multiple sites beneath an elongated presynaptic ribbon. To study the impact of this architecture on glutamate diffusion and receptor activity, we reconstructed four rod terminals and their postsynaptic dendrites from serial electron micrographs of the mouse retina. We incorporated these structures into anatomically realistic Monte Carlo simulations of neurotransmitter diffusion and receptor activation. By comparing passive diffusion of glutamate in realistic structures with geometrically simplified models, we found that glutamate exits anatomically realistic synapses 10-fold more slowly than previously predicted. Constraining simulations with physiological data, we modeled activity of EAAT5 glutamate transporters in rods, AMPA receptors on HC dendrites, and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR6) on RBP dendrites. Simulations suggested that ∼3,000 EAAT5 populate rod membranes. While uptake by surrounding glial Müller cells retrieves most glutamate released by rods, binding and uptake by EAAT5 influence RBP kinetics. Glutamate persistence allows mGluR6 on RBP dendrites to integrate the stream of vesicles released by rods in darkness. Glutamate’s tortuous diffusional path confers quantal variability, as release from nearby ribbon sites exerts larger effects on RBP and HC receptors than release from more distant sites. Temporal integration supports slower sustained release rates, but additional quantal variability can impede postsynaptic detection of changes in release produced by rod light responses. These results show an example of the profound impact that synaptic architecture can have on postsynaptic responses.

01 May 2025·Food Research International

Comprehensive review on human Milk oligosaccharides: Biosynthesis, structure, intestinal health benefits, immune regulation, neuromodulation mechanisms, and applications

Review

Author: Zou, Lingshan ; Yu, Jieting ; Zhang, Xiaoyong ; Huang, Riming ; Li, Le ; Kraithong, Supaluck

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the biosynthetic pathways of various oligosaccharides in Escherichia coli, structural characteristics, and bioactive mechanisms of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), with a particular emphasis on their roles in gut health, immune modulation, and neurodevelopment. HMOs primarily function as prebiotics, facilitating the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium to maintain microbial homeostasis, with a discussion on the synergistic role of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). In immune modulation, HMOs interact with lectins on immune and epithelial cells, influencing immune responses via pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Additionally, HMOs have been linked to enhanced cognitive, motor, and language development in infants, influencing genes such as GABRB2, SLC1A7, GLRA4, and CHRM3. The review also examines commercially available HMO-containing products and highlights future research directions and potential applications in nutrition and healthcare.

01 Oct 2024·iScience

The prion protein is required for normal responses to light stimuli by photoreceptors and bipolar cells

Article

Author: Klingeborn, Mikael ; Leung, Jacqueline M. ; Reese, Emily D. ; Carroll, James A ; Rickman, Catherine Bowes ; Schwartz, Cindi ; Carroll, James A. ; Striebel, James F. ; Bowes Rickman, Catherine ; Leung, Jacqueline M ; Striebel, James F ; Reese, Emily D ; Race, Brent ; Chesebro, Bruce

The prion protein, PrP^C, is well known as an essential susceptibility factor for neurodegenerative prion diseases, yet its function in normal, healthy cells remains uncertain. A role in synaptic function has been proposed for PrP^C, supported by its cell surface expression in neurons and glia. Here, in mouse retina, we localized PrP^C to the junctions between photoreceptors and bipolar cells using synaptic proteins EAAT5, CtBP2, and PSD-95. PrP^C localized most densely with bipolar cell dendrites synapsing with cone photoreceptors. In two coisogenic mouse strains, deletion of the gene encoding PrP^C, Prnp, significantly altered the scotopic and/or photopic electroretinographic (ERG) responses of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Cone-dominant pathways showed the most significant ERG changes. Retinal thickness, quantitated by high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ribbon synapse morphology were not altered upon deletion of PrP^C, suggesting that the ERG changes were driven by functional rather than structural alterations.

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SLC1A7

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