Hypernatremia

TUESDAY, Sept. 24, 2024 -- For people with an eating disorder, electrolyte abnormalities are associated with death and poor physical health outcomes, according to a study published in the October issue of The Lancet Psychiatry . Marco Solmi, M.D., Ph.D., from the University of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada, and colleagues conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario involving people aged 13 years or older with an eating disorder and an outpatient electrolyte measure within one year to examine the association with mortality and physical health outcomes. The analyses included 6,163 patients with an eating disorder and an electrolyte measure within one year since diagnosis. The most common electrolyte abnormalities were hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypernatremia (50.0, 37.8, and 21.1 percent, respectively). The researchers found that death occurred in 15.7 and 5.6 percent of those with and without an electrolyte abnormality, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23). Electrolyte abnormality was also associated with hospitalization, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, bone fracture, and bowel obstruction (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35, 1.91, 1.44, 1.40, and 1.62, respectively), but not with infection or a cardiovascular event. "These findings support the importance of regularly monitoring electrolytes in people with eating disorders and promptly correcting any abnormalities found to reduce premature mortality and risk of medical complications," the authors write. "The severity criteria of eating disorders could be refined to include explicit mention of electrolyte abnormalities." Two authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

Povidone iodine, also known as iodopovidone, excellent-iodine, and Puweilong iodine, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Povidone iodine is widely used in medicine for surgical scrubbing, skin cleaning before and after surgery, prevention and treatment of infected wounds, ulcers, cuts, burns, bedsores and congestion ulcers, gynecological vaginitis, candida, trichomonas or mixed infections. The following is a brief introduction to povidone iodine solution how to use. Povidone iodine solution how to use? Currently, there are many preparations of different dosage forms and concentrations on the market. When using, pay attention to the use of each preparation:   1. 10% povidone iodine solution is a solution used for skin wound disinfection. It does not need to be diluted when used. Apply the disinfectant directly to the damaged skin. It should be applied within 3-5cm around the lesion and applied twice a day. If necessary, the wound can be covered with sterile gauze to avoid infection.   2. 1% povidone iodine solution is used for gargling and mouthwashing. It is suitable for oral bacterial infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other conditions. When using, the solution can be used to gargle directly without dilution or dilute with warm water. Each dosage is about 10ml, gargle for 30 seconds, do not swallow, and use 2-4 times a day. Note that it should not be used for more than 14 days and is only limited to adults and children over 6 years old.   3. For dry powder spray 2.5%, shake the bottle before use, spray the medicine on the affected area 15-20cm away from the affected area until the foam covers the wound. If necessary, cover the wound with sterile gauze. Be careful not to spray into the mucosal cavity. It is limited to skin lesions. It is only for adults and children over 2 years old. Pregnant and lactating women should use it with caution.   4. For povidone iodine solution10% ointment, this dosage form is an external agent, apply it to the wound, and then cover it with sterile gauze.   5. Povidone iodine vaginal douche 10% is used to douche the vulva and assist in the treatment of gynecological inflammatory diseases, excessive leucorrhea, vaginitis, and cervicitis. Dilute about 10 ml of the solution with 1 liter of clean water and soak the private parts. After the symptoms disappear, stop douche and do not use it for a long time.   In addition to understanding povidone iodine solution how to use, we should also pay attention to the fact that it may bring some side effects, including skin irritation. If applied to large wounds, people with poor renal function may cause hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis. It is not recommended for people who are less than 32 weeks pregnant or taking lithium salts. People with thyroid problems are advised not to use it frequently.   In short, povidone iodine solution how to use is something you need to fully understand before treating the disease. Although there are few side effects, people need to strictly follow the drug instructions and doctor's advice when using povidone iodine.

Povidone iodine, also known as iodopovidone, excellent-iodine, and Puweilong iodine, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Povidone iodine solution first aid antiseptic is a type of iodine tincture, used for skin disinfection and sterilization before and after surgery, prevention and treatment of local wound infections, and first aid for minor cuts, abrasions, burns, and blisters. Povidone iodine solution first aid antiseptic is a polyvidone chemical polymer and iodine element, containing 9% to 12% iodine. Its mechanism of action is the death of microorganisms caused by the release of iodine. It has a wide range of antibacterial activity and has a killing effect on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. This is an over-the-counter drug. Povidone iodine entered commercial use in 1955 and is one of the World Health Organization's essential medicines list and the most important drug in the basic health system. In the solution, the iodine element in povidone iodine is slowly released, and it has been proven that bacteria do not develop resistance to povidone iodine, and the human sensitization rate is only 0.7%. Therefore, povidone iodine is widely used in medicine, for surgical scrubbing, skin cleaning before and after surgery, prevention and treatment of infected wounds, ulcers, cuts, burns, bedsore infections and treatment of congestive ulcers, gynecological vaginitis, candida, trichomoniasis or mixed infections. How to use povidone iodine solution first aid antiseptic？ - For external use, dip a small amount with a cotton swab and apply topically from the center to the periphery, 1-2 times a day. - Surgical disinfection: scrub with 0.5% solution for 5 minutes. Disinfection of injection site, more than 30 seconds. - Disinfection of surgical field skin: Apply 0.5% solution evenly twice. - Mucosal trauma or infection: rinse with 0.1%~0.025% solution. - Skin infection: Apply 0.5% solution topically. Povidone iodine solution first aid antiseptic side effects may include skin irritation. If applied to large wounds, people with poor renal function may develop hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis. It is not recommended for people who are less than 32 weeks pregnant or taking lithium salts. People with thyroid problems are advised not to use it frequently.