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Last update 08 May 2025

SCARF Syndrome

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

SCARF (skeletal abnormality, cutis laxa, craniostenosis, ambiguous genitalia, retardation, facial abnormality) syndrome, SCARF SYNDROME, SCARF syndrome

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Introduction

Syndrome with the association of skeletal abnormalities, cutis laxa, craniostenosis, ambiguous genitalia, psychomotor retardation and facial abnormalities. So far, it has been described in two males (maternal first cousins). The mode of inheritance was suggested to be X-linked recessive.

Clinical Trials associated with SCARF Syndrome

NCT04715139

/ RecruitingNot Applicable

A Multi-Center, Prospective Registry to Evaluate the Continued Safety and Performance of the Foot and Ankle Products

The objective of the registry is to evaluate the continued safety and performance of the Arthrex foot and ankle products including the ProStop implant for hyperpronated foot, Bio-Compression Screw for reconstruction surgeries of the foot, TRIM-IT Drill Pin, TRIM-IT Spin Pin for fixation of fractures and fusion (bunionectomy osteotomies) of the foot/ankle, Headless Compression Screws and Compression FT Screws for fixation of small bone fragments of the foot/ankle and DynaNite® Nitinol Staple to be used for fixation such as Lisfranc arthrodesis, mono or bi-cortical osteotomies in the forefoot, first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis, Akin osteotomy, midfoot and hindfoot arthrodeses or osteotomies, fixation of osteotomies for hallux valgus treatment (Scarf and Chevron), and arthrodesis of the metatarsocuneiform joint to reposition and stabilize metatarsus primus varus and Beveled Headed FT Screws for osteotomy fixation of Hallux valgus repair (such as Scarf and Chevron etc.)

Start Date01 Dec 2020

Sponsor / Collaborator

Arthrex, Inc.

NCT02481479

/ CompletedPhase 4IIT

SCARF: Saxagliptin on CArdiac StRucture and Function

Diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of heart failure, which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic control, recent clinical data from the saxagliptin assessment of vascular outcomes recorded in patients with diabetes mellitus-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (SAVOR-TIMI) 53 study observed an unexpected finding of an excess of adjudicated heart failure hospitalizations. This excess occurred in the setting of pre-existing heart failure (HF) hospitalization and in those with elevated biomarkers for heart failure such as N terminal pro Brain type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP). A wealth of preclinical data did not suggest a mechanistic basis for an excess of heart failure events, however these preclinical studies primarily focused upon prevention based strategies as opposed to regression studies once established heart failure was present. This proposal seeks to understand if and how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i,specifically saxagliptin) may influence the development of heart failure, by evaluating changes in cardiac structure and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Start Date01 Jun 2015

Sponsor / Collaborator

Unity Health Toronto

100 Clinical Results associated with SCARF Syndrome

100 Translational Medicine associated with SCARF Syndrome

0 Patents (Medical) associated with SCARF Syndrome

Literatures (Medical) associated with SCARF Syndrome

01 Dec 2022·BMC Emergency Medicine

Scarf Injury: a qualitative examination of the emergency response and acute care pathway from a unique mechanism of road traffic injury in Bangladesh

Article

Author: Tupetz, Anna ; Sultana, Mohsina ; Hoque, Kazi Imdadul ; Landry, Michel D ; Strand, Eleanor ; Vissoci, Joao Ricardo Nickenig ; Staton, Catherine

AbstractBackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children over 5 and adults aged 18–29. Nonfatal RTIs result in 20–50 million annual injuries. In Bangladesh, a new mechanism of RTI has emerged over the past decade known as a ‘scarf injury.’ Scarf injuries occur when scarves, part of traditional female dress, are caught in the driveshaft of an autorickshaw. The mechanism of injury results in novel, strangulation-like cervical spine trauma. This study aimed to understand the immediate emergency response, acute care pathway, and subsequent functional and health outcomes for survivors of scarf injuries.MethodsKey informant interviews were conducted with female scarf injury survivors (n = 12), caregivers (n = 6), and health care workers (n = 15). Themes and subthemes were identified via inductive content analysis, then applied to the three-delay model to examine specific breakdowns in pre-hospital care and provide a basis for future interventions.FindingsOver half of the scarf injury patients were between the ages of 10 and 15. All but two were tetraplegic. Participants emphasized less than optimal patient outcomes were due to unawareness of scarf injuries and spinal cord injuries among the general public and health professionals; unsafe and inefficient bystander first aid and transportation; and high cost of acute health care. ConclusionsFemales in Bangladesh are at significant risk of sustaining serious and life-threatening trauma through scarf injuries in autorickshaws, further worsened through inadequate care along the trauma care pathway. Interventions designed to increase awareness and knowledge of basic SCI care at the community and provider level would likely improve health and functional outcomes.

01 Jun 2022·Medical Humanities

Exploring the intersection of critical disability studies, humanities and global health through a case study of scarf injuries in Bangladesh

Article

Author: Hoque, Kazi Imdadul ; Tupetz, Anna ; Landry, Michel ; Stewart, Kearsley Alison ; Quirici, Marion ; Sultana, Mohsina

This article puts critical disability studies and global health into conversation around the phenomenon of scarf injury in Bangladesh. Scarf injury occurs when a woman wearing a long, traditional scarf called an orna rides in a recently introduced autorickshaw with a design flaw that allows the orna to become entangled in the vehicle’s driveshaft. Caught in the engine, the orna pulls the woman’s neck into hyperextension, causing a debilitating high cervical spinal cord injury and quadriplegia. The circumstances of the scarf injury reveal the need for more critical cultural analysis than the fields of global health and rehabilitation typically offer. First, the fatal design flaw of the vehicle reflects different norms of gender and dress in China, where the vehicle is manufactured, versus Bangladesh, where the vehicle is purchased at a low price and assembled on-site—a situation that calls transnational capitalist modes of production and exchange into question. Second, the experiences of women with scarf injuries entail many challenges beyond the injury itself: the transition to life with disability following the rehabilitation period is made more difficult by negative perceptions of disability, lack of resources and accessible infrastructure, and cultural norms of gender and class in Bangladesh. Our cross-disciplinary conversation about women with scarf injuries, involving critical disability studies, global health and rehabilitation experts, exposes the shortcomings of each of these fields but also illustrates the urgent need for deeper and more purposeful collaborations. We, therefore, argue that the developing subfield of global health humanities should include purposeful integration of a humanities-based critical disability studies methodology.

10 May 2021·JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC CASE REPORTS

Rising Trend of “Veil Entanglement Injuries” in Northern Ghana: A Case Series

Article

Author: Bukari, Mohammed Issah Suglo ; Tano, Kouakou Emile ; Yempabe, Tolgou ; Seidu, Anwar Sadat ; Buunaaim, Alexis D B ; Alatiga, John Abanga

Introduction: Veils are thin garments that are worn over the head, wrapped round the neck, and left hanging loosely over the torso up to the thighs. They are also known as scarf or “dupatta.” Veils can get entangled in spokes of motorbikes or in belt-driven machinery resulting in a variety of life-threating injuries. Case Reports: We report nine major cases of veil entanglement injuries (VEI) that presented to the Orthopedic Unit of Tamale Teaching Hospital from July 10, 2017 to June 12, 2020. All the patients were females with ages ranging from 5-months to 44-year. All the accidents involved either a motorbike or auto rickshaw. Head, neck, and extremity injuries were the most common. Eight out of nine patients had circumferential neck bruise referred to as “veil sign” in this report. One patient died. Conclusion: The rising trend of VEI is alarming among women in Northern Ghana. We recommend widespread public education and awareness creation. We also recommend modification of traffic regulations by policy makers to avert this avoidable injury. Keywords: “Dupatta,” long scarf injuries, “Isadora Duncan syndrome,” veil injuries.

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