Encephalitis, California

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

CE - California encephalitis, California Encephalitis, California Encephalitis Virus Infection

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Introduction

A viral infection of the brain caused by serotypes of California encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CALIFORNIA) transmitted to humans by the mosquito AEDES triseriatus. The majority of cases are caused by the LA CROSSE VIRUS. This condition is endemic to the midwestern United States and primarily affects children between 5-10 years of age. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; VOMITING; HEADACHE; and abdominal pain followed by SEIZURES, altered mentation, and focal neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13)

100 Clinical Results associated with Encephalitis, California

100 Translational Medicine associated with Encephalitis, California

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Encephalitis, California

463

Literatures (Medical) associated with Encephalitis, California

18 Oct 2024·Sports health

Mechanisms and Trends in Women's Lacrosse Head and Musculoskeletal Injuries: A 15-Year Review of National Injury Data.

Article

Author: Corvi, John J ; Nietsch, Katrina S ; Herrera, Joseph ; Gonsalves, Grant ; Parisien, Robert L ; Nowinski, Christopher J ; Yendluri, Avanish ; Namiri, Nikan K

BACKGROUNDHead injury rates in lacrosse may be higher among women compared with men. Understanding these trends can guide appropriate injury prevention for female athletes.HYPOTHESESInjuries most commonly involve the head, with no significant decline over the study period; contact with other players would be the most common injury mechanism.STUDY DESIGNDescriptive epidemiological.LEVEL OF EVIDENCELevel 3.METHODSThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried (January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2022) for women's lacrosse injuries presenting to United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). Patient demographics, injury diagnosis, body part injured, disposition, and clinical narrative were extracted. The provided narrative identified the mechanism of injury. Linear regression analysis assessed trends over time.RESULTSAn estimated 57,635 women's lacrosse injuries occurred during the study period extrapolated from 1899 evaluated NEISS cases. The mean age was 15.81 ± 5.35 years, with 68.3% of injuries sustained by high school (14- to 18-year-old) players. Over one-third of all injuries were to the head (national estimate [NE], 19,358; 33.6%), followed by the ankle (NE, 10,475; 18.2%), then the knee (NE, 6969; 12.1%). Strain/sprains were most common (NE, 19,402; 33.7%) followed by closed head injury (CHI)/sports-related concussion (SRC) (NE, 11,794; 20.5%) and contusion/abrasion (NE, 10,605; 18.4%). ED presentations of CHIs/SRCs and fractures remained elevated with no significant decline over the study period (P > 0.05), despite a significant decrease in strains/sprains and contusions/abrasions (P < 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). The most common injury mechanism was collision/contact with another player (NE, 10,664; 18.5%).CONCLUSIONAn estimated one-third of women's lacrosse players in the study sample had a head injury. CHIs and SRCs accounted for 20.5% of all injuries.CLINICAL RELEVANCEGiven the high proportion of contact-related head injuries, headgear mandates and improved player safety protocols may be warranted.

01 Jun 2024·Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Commonly Reported Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the United States: A Primer for Pharmacists

Review

Author: Danziger, Larry H. ; Michienzi, Sarah M. ; Burgos, Rodrigo M. ; Drwiega, Emily N.

Mosquito-borne diseases are a public health concern. Pharmacists are often a patient’s first stop for health information and may be asked questions regarding transmission, symptoms, and treatment of mosquito borne viruses (MBVs). The objective of this paper is to review transmission, geographic location, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of MBVs. We discuss the following viruses with cases in the US in recent years: Dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, LaCrosse Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, and Zika. Prevention, including vaccines, and the impact of climate change are also discussed.

01 Jun 2024·Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

The role of cattle in the transmission of cystic echinococcosis in a highly endemic area of the Peruvian Andes

Article

Author: Lucas, J. Raúl ; Cabrera, Miguel ; Rodríguez, Alejandro ; Ramos, Daphne ; Gavidia, Cesar ; Falcón, Néstor ; Lucas, Orlando

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) causes significant losses in Andean livestock production and affects Andean food security. However, more studies are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease. In addition, the potential contribution of Andean cattle to the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato needs to be known. This study aimed to determine the CE-prevalence and its association with risk factors, such as age and sex of the animals, the parasite load (number of cysts/organ) of condemned organs, and the viability and fertility of Echinococcus cysts from cattle in the Andes. The prevalence was examined in 348 cattle from an authorized slaughterhouse of Huancayo at 3300 m altitude. Cyst burden was determined by extracting all cysts from the total of the CE-infected organs. Cyst fertility and protoscolices viability were analysed from 90 randomly selected CE-infected organs. The CE prevalence was 35.6% (124/348; 95% CI: 30.6%-40.6%). There was no significant effect of age and sex on CE prevalence. CE was significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in lungs than livers, 34.8% (121/348; 95% CI: 29.8%-39.8%) vs 8.9% (31/348; 95% CI: 5.9%-11.9%). Most (75%) infected organs had one to five cysts. The mean cyst burden was significantly (p = 0.018) higher in the lungs than livers, 6.4 ± 4.9 vs 3.7 ± 2.9. Cyst fertility was 1.6% (10/608; 95% CI: 0.6%-2.6%). Despite the high CE prevalence, infected organs from Andean cattle play a minor role in CE transmission to dogs in the central Peruvian Andes.

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Encephalitis, California

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