Psoriasis

WALTHAM, Mass., March 19, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Morphic Therapeutic (Nasdaq: MORF), a biopharmaceutical company developing a new generation of oral integrin therapies for the treatment of serious chronic diseases, today announced that Simon Cooper, M.B.B.S., has joined the Company as Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Cooper is an accomplished leader in drug development with appreciable success and a proven history across all phases of clinical development and in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, particularly autoimmune, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. Dr. Cooper most recently served as Chief Medical Officer of Keros Therapeutics. “Simon brings clinical development expertise stemming from leadership roles across the entire spectrum of clinical development from first-in-human studies through FDA submissions and approvals of highly successful therapeutics. Of particular relevance to Morphic as we advance MORF-057, is Simon’s experience in the development and approvals for therapeutically effective and commercially successful autoimmune and inflammatory agents in the GI space,” commented Praveen Tipirneni, Chief Executive Officer of Morphic. “On behalf of the entire Morphic Team and our Board of Directors, I welcome Simon and look forward to collaboration on our exciting work.” “In MORF-057, Morphic holds the possibility of creating a new treatment for inflammatory bowel disease with an ideal product profile: an orally administered, well tolerated and clinically meaningful therapeutic. I am also excited about the prospects for Morphic research programs for small molecules against non-integrin immunology targets and am looking forward to working with the Morphic Team,” commented Dr. Cooper. About Simon Cooper Dr. Simon Cooper was most recently Chief Medical Officer of Keros Therapeutics. Prior to Keros, Dr. Cooper served as Chief Medical Officer of each of Kadmon Holdings and Anokion, where he drove significant advances in program development and building key functional areas to support clinical development for assets in the autoimmune, inflammatory, and immuno-oncology areas. Dr. Cooper was previously Asset Strategy Leader at AbbVie where he played a key role in the development of risankizumab in a variety of indications including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Dr. Cooper has also held the role of Vice President, Global Project Head for the sarilumab program at Sanofi and Group Program Medical Director at Novartis, leading the submission of the secukinumab program in psoriasis. Earlier in this career, Dr. Cooper held roles of increasing responsibility at research and development organizations including Wyeth Research, Napp Pharmaceutical Research, Roche, Human Genome Sciences and MedImmune. Dr Cooper holds a Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of Surgery from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne Medical School. Grant of Inducement Award In connection with Dr. Cooper’s appointment as Chief Medical Officer, Morphic’s Board of Directors granted Dr. Cooper, pursuant to the Company’s 2024 Equity Inducement Plan and in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4): (i) stock options to purchase up to 170,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $33.46 per share, the closing price of our common stock on the grant date (the “Option Grant”), (ii) restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with respect to 14,000 shares of our common stock (the “New-Hire RSU Grant”) and (iii) RSUs with respect to 7,000 shares of our common stock (the “Sign-On RSU Grant” and together with the Option Grant and the New-Hire RSU Grant, the “Grants”). The Grants are subject to the terms and conditions of the 2024 Equity Inducement Plan, and the terms and conditions of the stock option and RSU agreements covering the Grants. About Morphic Therapeutic Morphic Therapeutic is a biopharmaceutical company developing a portfolio of oral integrin therapies for the treatment of serious chronic diseases, including autoimmune, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. Morphic is also advancing its pipeline and discovery activities in collaboration with Schrödinger using its proprietary MInT technology platform which leverages the Company’s unique understanding of integrin structure and biology. For more information, visit . Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to: our plans to develop and commercialize oral small-molecule integrin therapeutics and any proposed timing thereof; the initiation, execution and completion of clinical trials of MORF-057; and the ability of MORF-057 to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and other indications. Statements including words such as “believe,” “plan,” “continue,” “expect,” “will be,” “develop,” “signal,” “potential,” “anticipate” or “ongoing” and statements in the future tense are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they do not fully materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual activities or results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, including risks and uncertainties in this press release and other risks set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, among others, our or a partner’s ability to complete a current or future clinical trial of any of our current or future product candidates, our ability to develop or obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize any product candidate, our ability to protect our intellectual property, and the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and investments to fund our operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof and we specifically disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements or reasons why actual results might differ, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Contact Morphic Therapeutic Chris Erdman chris.erdman@morphictx.com 617.686.1718

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, heterogenous neutrophilic inflammatory disease associated with skin and systemic symptoms, such as fever, pain, and fatigue1,2,3,4 In China, SPEVIGO®’s expanded approval adds the reduction of occurrences of GPP in pediatric patients aged 12 and above weighing ≥40 kg, and adults5 The US FDA’s approval expands the use of SPEVIGO® to include the treatment of GPP in adults and pediatric patients aged 12 and above weighing ≥40 kg, making it the first targeted therapy that addresses the need for acute and chronic treatment for GPP patients6 SPEVIGO® is currently approved in 48 countries7 Boehringer Ingelheim today announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved SPEVIGO® (spesolimab-sbzo) injection for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in adults and pediatric patients aged 12 and above weighing ≥40 kg.5 This approval follows the Chinese National Medical Products Administration’s (NMPA) recent approval of SPEVIGO® for the reduction of occurrence of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in adolescents from 12 years of age with a body weight ≥40 kg and adults. SPEVIGO® is a novel, humanized selective IgG1 antibody that binds to interleukin-36 receptor (IL-36R), a key part of a signaling pathway within the immune system shown to be involved in the cause of GPP.8,9,10,11,12 The regulatory authorities’ decisions are majorly based on the positive results of the EFFISAYIL® 2 clinical trial, a 48-week clinical trial that showed that SPEVIGO® significantly reduced the risk of GPP flares by 84%, compared with placebo. In the trial with 123 patients, no flares were observed after week 4 of SPEVIGO® subcutaneous treatment in the high-dose group (n=30).13,14,15,16 In the Effisayil® 2 trial, SPEVIGO® was associated with an increased incidence (≥9 cases per 100 patient-years) of injection site reaction, urinary tract infection, arthralgia, and pruritus compared to placebo. “Until now, people living with GPP have not had any approved options to treat their disease,” said Bruce Strober, MD, PhD, Clinical Professor, Dermatology, Yale University and Central Connecticut Dermatology. “SPEVIGO® has the potential to redefine the treatment options for the patients we serve.” Distinct from plaque psoriasis, GPP is a rare, chronic, heterogenous, inflammatory neutrophilic disease associated with painful skin manifestations and systemic symptoms, such as fever, pain, and fatigue.1-4 GPP varies widely between individuals living with the condition, with symptoms presenting on a continuum, which means that it can present in either a persistent or a relapsing course.2-4 GPP often requires emergency care and can lead to life-threatening complications, such as multi-organ failure and sepsis.17 GPP’s unpredictable nature can potentially have significant long-term impacts on quality of life for people living with it, and may cause fear and anxiety over the disease course.3,18 “SPEVIGO®’s new approvals constitute a fundamental change for people living with GPP, addressing their huge need for acute and chronic treatment,” said Carinne Brouillon, Member of the Board of Managing Directors and Head of Human Pharma at Boehringer Ingelheim. “Experiencing GPP can be mentally and physically devastating, leaving those affected with uncertainty and fear of the next episode. Therefore, expanding the treatment of GPP is a critical step towards addressing patients’ needs.” About SPEVIGO® SPEVIGO® is a novel, humanized, selective antibody that specifically blocks the activation of the IL-36R, a signaling pathway within the immune system shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several autoinflammatory diseases, including GPP.7-11 It is the first targeted therapy for the treatment of GPP and has been evaluated in the largest clinical program specifically for the treatment of patients with GPP.10,19 What is SPEVIGO®? SPEVIGO® is a prescription medicine used to treat generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 pounds (40 kg). It is not known if SPEVIGO® is safe and effective in children under 12 years of age or who weigh less than 88 pounds. Important Safety Information Do not receive SPEVIGO® if you or your child have had a severe or life-threatening allergic reaction to spesolimab-sbzo or any of the ingredients in SPEVIGO®. What is the most important information I should know about SPEVIGO®? SPEVIGO® may cause serious side effects, including: Infections. SPEVIGO® may lower the ability of your or your child’s immune system to fight infections and may increase your or your child’s risk of infections. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child for infections and tuberculosis (TB) before starting treatment with SPEVIGO® and may treat you or your child for TB before you begin treatment with SPEVIGO® if you have a history of TB or have active TB. Your healthcare provider should watch you or your child closely for signs and symptoms of TB during or after treatment with SPEVIGO®. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have an infection or have symptoms of an infection during or after treatment with SPEVIGO®, including: fevers, chills, or sweats muscle aches cough shortness of breath blood in your phlegm (mucus) burning when you urinate urinating more often than normal Allergic reactions and infusion-related reactions. Serious allergic reactions may happen during or after your or your child’s SPEVIGO® injection. If you or your child have a serious allergic reaction, your healthcare provider will stop treatment with SPEVIGO®. If you or your child are given SPEVIGO® in a vein (intravenously) and have an infusion- related reaction, your healthcare provider will stop your or your child’s SPEVIGO® infusion and treat your or your child’s symptoms and may restart SPEVIGO® at a slower infusion rate. Tell your healthcare provider or get emergency medical help right away if you or your child get any of the following symptoms during or after your or your child’s SPEVIGO® injection: feeling faint, dizzy, or lightheaded swelling of your face, eyelids, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat trouble breathing or throat tightness fever mouth sores chest tightness hives or skin rash that is different than the rash from generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) itching swollen lymph nodes Before you or your child receive SPEVIGO®, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you or your child: have an infection that does not go away or that keeps coming back. have TB or have been in close contact with someone with TB. have recently received or are scheduled to receive an immunization (vaccine). You or your child should not receive live vaccines during and for at least 16 weeks after treatment with SPEVIGO®. You or your child should be brought up to date with all vaccines before starting SPEVIGO®. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if SPEVIGO® can harm your or your child’s unborn baby. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if SPEVIGO® passes into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your or your child’s baby during treatment with SPEVIGO®. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you or your child take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. What are the possible side effects of SPEVIGO®? The most common side effects of SPEVIGO® given in a vein (intravenously) for GPP flare treatment include: feeling tired or weak nausea and vomiting headache itching or itchy bumps a collection of blood under the skin at the infusion site or bruising urinary tract infection The most common side effects of SPEVIGO® when given under the skin (subcutaneously) for treatment of GPP when not experiencing a flare include: redness, pain, swelling, hardening, hives, or warmth at the injection site joint pain urinary tract infection itching These are not all of the possible side effects of SPEVIGO®. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit or call 1‐800‐FDA‐1088. Please see full Prescribing Information, Medication Guide, and Instructions for Use. CL-SPG-100004 03.18.2024 About the EFFISAYIL® clinical trial program The EFFISAYIL® clinical trial program evaluated the largest and broadest population of GPP patients in trials of a therapy specifically targeting the IL-36 pathway for GPP:10,18 EFFISAYIL® 1: A Phase II study that demonstrated treatment with a single intravenous dose of spesolimab significantly improved signs and symptoms of GPP in patients experiencing a flare, including rapid pustular and skin clearance. These results supported the approval of spesolimab as the first specific treatment for GPP flares in adults in major markets10,20 EFFISAYIL® 2: A Phase IIb study that showed spesolimab significantly reduced the risk of GPP flares by 84% over 48 weeks compared to placebo. In the trial with 123 patients, no flares were observed after week 4 of spesolimab SC treatment in the high-dose group (n=30)12–15 EFFISAYIL® ON: An open-label extension study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of spesolimab in patients with GPP who have completed previous spesolimab trials21 About generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) GPP is a chronic, heterogenous, neutrophilic inflammatory disease associated with skin and systemic symptoms that is distinct from plaque psoriasis. GPP is recognized as a separate clinical entity from other forms of psoriasis, with the IL-36 pathway being a key driver of GPP and triggering response to treatment.1 Prevalence of GPP is low and varies considerably across geographical regions, ranging from 1.76 to 124 patients per million persons in reports from key countries, including France, Japan, Sweden, and South Korea.2 GPP can become life-threatening (mortality rates ranging from 2% to 16%) due to severe complications, such as multisystem organ failure and sepsis requiring urgent hospital care; many GPP patients also suffer from various comorbidities, which contribute to the ongoing burden for the patient and healthcare systems.2,16,17 GPP symptoms appear unpredictable and present on a continuum, which greatly impacts a patient’s quality of life, and may cause fear and anxiety over the disease course, as well as long-term impacts on quality of life related to work/school, emotional health, social activities, and finances.2,3,4 About Boehringer Ingelheim Boehringer Ingelheim is working on breakthrough therapies that transform lives today and for generations to come. As a leading research-driven biopharmaceutical company, the company creates value through innovation in areas of high unmet medical need. Founded in 1885 and family-owned ever since, Boehringer Ingelheim takes a long-term, sustainable perspective. More than 53,000 employees serve over 130 markets in the two business units, Human Pharma and Animal Health. Learn more at . March 2024 MPR-CRP-100327, MPR-US-102903 References: 1Marrakchi S, Puig L. Pathophysiology of generalized pustular psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23:13–19. 2Prinz JC, Choon SE, Griffiths CEM, et al. Prevalence, comorbidities and mortality of generalized pustular psoriasis: A literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37:256–273. 3Reisner DV, Johnsson FD, Kotowsky N, et al. Impact of generalized pustular psoriasis from the perspective of people living with the condition: Results of an online survey. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23:65–71. 4Gooderham MJ, Van Voorhees AS, Lebwohl MG. An update on generalized pustular psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019;15:907–919. 5National Medical Products Administration. Drug approval document release, March 11 2024. 2024年03月11日药品批准证明文件送达信息发布 (nmpa.gov.cn) (Accessed 14 March 2024) 6Record on file. 7Record on file. 8Bassoy EY, Towne JE, Gabay C. Regulation and function of interleukin-36 cytokines. Immunol Rev. 2018;281:169–178. 9Marrakchi S, Guigue P, Renshaw BR, et al. Interleukin-36-receptor antagonist deficiency and generalized pustular psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:620–628. 10Ganesan R, Raymond EL, Mennerich D, et al. Generation and functional characterization of anti-human and anti-mouse IL-36R antagonist monoclonal antibodies. MAbs. 2017;9:1143–1154. 11Bachelez H, Choon SE, Marrakchi S, et al. Trial of spesolimab for generalized pustular psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:2431–2440. 12Bachelez H, Choon SE, Marrakchi S, et al. Inhibition of the interleukin-36 pathway for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:981–983. 13Boehringer Ingelheim. Spesolimab prevented generalized pustular psoriasis flares in Effisayil™ 2 trial. 2023. . (Accessed 14 March 2024). 14Morita A, Strober B, Burden AD, et al. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous spesolimab for the prevention of generalised pustular psoriasis flares (Effisayil 2): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402:1541–1551. 15Gordon KB, Lebwohl M, Barker J, et al. Effect of spesolimab on achieving sustained disease remission in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: Results from the Effisayil 2 study. European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology Congress; 2023; Berlin, Germany. Abstract P0731. 16Strober B, Augustin M, Tada Y, et al. Effect of high-dose subcutaneous spesolimab on skin manifestations: Results from the pivotal Effisayil 2 trial of flare prevention in generalized pustular psoriasis. European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology Congress; 2023; Berlin, Germany. Abstract 1732. 17Choon SE, Navarini AA, Pinter A. Clinical course and characteristics of generalized pustular psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23:21–29. 18Burden D, Mrowietz U, Skalicky AM, et al. Symptom experience and content validity of the Psoriasis Symptom Scale (PSS) in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022;12:1367–1381. 19Choon SE, Lebwohl MG, Marrakchi S, et al. Study protocol of the global Effisayil 1 Phase II, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of spesolimab in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis presenting with an acute flare. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e043666. 20Navarini A, Prinz JC, Morita A, et al. Spesolimab improves patient- reported outcomes in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: Results from the Effisayil 1 study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022; 37:730–736. 21Effisayil™ ON: A study to test long-term treatment with spesolimab in people with generalized pustular psoriasis who took part in a previous study. . (Accessed 14 March 2024).

FRIENDSWOOD, Texas--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Castle Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: CSTL), a company improving health through innovative tests that guide patient care, today announced new data highlighting the value of its IDgenetix pharmacogenomic (PGx) test in guiding medication recommendations for patients with mental health conditions who are 65 and older. The data will be shared via a poster presentation at the 2024 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) Annual Meeting, taking place March 15-18 in Atlanta. “Pharmacogenomics has been increasingly used to identify genetic variations associated with drug response; however, its potential in older adults who are more likely to be on multiple medications and experience adverse drug events has not been fully explored,” said Robert Cook, Ph.D., senior vice president of research and development at Castle Biosciences. “This study found that, despite all patients carrying potentially clinically significant genetic variants, one-third of medication recommendations were due to drug-drug interactions and lifestyle factors provided on the IDgenetix report. This is especially important as real-world evidence shows that polypharmacy, taking five or more prescription medications, occurs in more than half of elderly patients. 1 ” Poster Title: Pharmacogenomic Characteristics and IDgenetix-Guided Medication Management for Older Adults with Depression and Anxiety Presenting Author: Raymond A. Lorenz, Pharm.D., BCPP, Castle Biosciences, Inc. Date and Time: Saturday, March 16, from 5-7 p.m. Eastern Time Location: Grand Ballroom, Hanover Hall and Embassy Hall Exhibition Level at the Hyatt Regency Atlanta IDgenetix is an advanced 3-in-1 PGx test that incorporates genetic information, drug-drug interactions and lifestyle factors to produce a report that can help clinicians select optimal medications for their patients with depression, anxiety and other neuropsychiatric illnesses. The study analyzed gender, age and diagnosis, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, pain, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia, from a sample of IDgenetix reports for patients 65 and older (n=737). The most common psychiatric diagnoses for which IDgenetix was ordered included depression and anxiety. Additionally, 58% of the patients in the study were on five or more medications, with an average of seven, at the time of testing. All patients in the study had genetic polymorphisms that could impact medication selection in at least three of the 15 genes on the IDgenetix report. While drug-gene interactions accounted for 66% of all medication recommendations, drug-drug interactions and lifestyle factors accounted for 34% (27% and 7%, respectively), demonstrating the value of the IDgenetix 3-in-1 test in providing tailored guidance to help clinicians select the optimal medications for their patients. About IDgenetix IDgenetix is a pharmacogenomic (PGx) test for depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions designed to analyze a patient’s genetic make-up to guide timely and evidence-based decisions on the optimal drug for each patient. IDgenetix is designed to provide important genetic information to clinicians to help guide personalized treatment plans for their patients, with the potential to help patients achieve a faster therapeutic response and improve their chances of remission by identifying appropriate medications more efficiently than the standard of care trial-and-error approach. IDgenetix provides drug-drug and drug-gene interactions and is supported by a published, peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial that demonstrated clinical utility over the standard of care when physicians used IDgenetix prior to prescribing a medication. IDgenetix is currently reimbursed by Medicare for the following eight mental health conditions: major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. About Castle Biosciences Castle Biosciences (Nasdaq: CSTL) is a leading diagnostics company improving health through innovative tests that guide patient care. The Company aims to transform disease management by keeping people first: patients, clinicians, employees and investors. Castle’s current portfolio consists of tests for skin cancers, Barrett’s esophagus, mental health conditions and uveal melanoma. Additionally, the Company has active research and development programs for tests in other diseases with high clinical need, including its test in development to help guide systemic therapy selection for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and related conditions. To learn more, please visit www.CastleBiosciences.com and connect with us on LinkedIn , Facebook , X and Instagram . DecisionDx-Melanoma, DecisionDx-CM Seq , DecisionDx-SCC, MyPath Melanoma, DiffDx-Melanoma, TissueCypher, IDgenetix, DecisionDx-UM, DecisionDx-PRAME and DecisionDx-UM Seq are trademarks of Castle Biosciences, Inc. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning: the potential of pharmacogenomics to affect medication recommendations for older adults; and the value of the IDgenetix 3-in-1 test in providing tailored guidance to help clinicians select the optimal medications for their patients. The words “believe,” “can” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: subsequent study or trial results and findings may contradict earlier study or trial results and findings or may not support the results obtained in these studies, including with respect to the discussion of our tests in this press release; actual application of our tests may not provide the aforementioned benefits to patients; and the risks set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in our other filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as may be required by law. 1. Wang X, Liu K, Shirai K, et al. Prevalence and trends of polypharmacy in U.S. adults, 1999–2018. Glob Health Res Policy . 2023;8(25). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-023-00311-4