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Last update 23 Jan 2025

Opisthorchiasis

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Cat liver fluke infection, Infection by Opisthorchis, Infection by cat liver fluke

+ [25]

Introduction

Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.

Clinical Trials associated with Opisthorchiasis

NCT05321992

/ RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Evaluating a Community-Based Behaviour Change Communication Model to Prevent Cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Thailand

Liver cancer, specifically cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), is very common in different areas in Thailand. Many factors make this cancer more common, such as liver fluke infection, older age, eating raw fish, family history of cancer, alcohol intake, taking certain medicines (praziquantel), low intake of fresh vegetable, and low education. In 2015, researchers from Khon Kaen University developed the Community-based Health Education and Communication (CHEC) program to prevent liver cancer caused by liver flukes in communities of the Khon Kaen province, Thailand.
The main aim of this 5-year research study is to enhance the CHEC program to prevent liver cancer, and test if it is effective in improving the knowledge and behaviours of community residents regarding how to prevent liver cancer. This study will take place in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Other aims are to:
1. Increase understanding in the community that make it difficult to prevent liver cancer, as well as community characteristics that can help prevent liver cancer;
2. Incorporate the program we develop in healthcare to prevent liver cancer in Thailand.

Start Date05 Jun 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

McMaster University

[+2]

ACTRN12623000271606

/ Active, not recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial to investigate the acceptability and impact of an educational cartoon package targeting knowledge of Opisthorchis viverrini and soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in the Lower Mekong Basin

Start Date04 Sep 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ACTRN12622000353796

/ Active, not recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial to investigate the effect of a multi-component intervention program (human and animal chemotherapy, school and community health and hygiene promotion and active surveillance) on the burden of soil-transmitted helminths and Opisthorchis viverrini in the Lower Mekong Basin

Start Date22 May 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Opisthorchiasis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Opisthorchiasis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Opisthorchiasis

1,318

Literatures (Medical) associated with Opisthorchiasis

01 Jan 2025·Acta Tropica

High-fat/high-fructose diet and Opisthorchis viverrini infection promote metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction

Article

Author: Chaidee, Apisit ; Charoensuk, Lakhanawan ; Jantawong, Chanakan ; Hongsrichan, Nuttanan ; Sitthirach, Chutima ; Khin, Ei Htet Htet ; Thongpon, Phonpilas ; Pinlaor, Somchai ; Intuyod, Kitti ; Pinlaor, Porntip ; Pairojkul, Chawalit ; Thumanu, Kanjana

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and opisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection, frequently co-exist in Northeast Thailand. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet combined with O. viverrini infection on MASLD. Four groups each of ten male golden hamsters were established: normal controls (NC), O. viverrini-infected (OV), HFF-fed, and HFF-fed plus O. viverrini infection (HFF+OV). After four months of treatment, histopathological study indicated substantial hepatic damage in groups given the HFF diet. In particular, the HFF+OV group demonstrated marked lipid-droplet accumulation, hepatocyte ballooning, inflammatory-cell clustering, and widespread fibrosis. Biochemical tests indicated that the HFF+OV group had the highest concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides, but cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels had increased in both HFF groups. Increased expression of Tgf-β1 and α-SMA, indicative of greater fibrosis, was demonstrated by picrosirius-red staining in the HFF+OV group. There was a significant increase in levels of inflammatory markers (HMGB-1, p65, and F4/80) and expression of genes related to the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose. FTIR microspectroscopy revealed distinct changes in fatty acids and proteins, associated with the more pronounced histopathology and impaired liver function in the HFF+OV group. The findings indicate that the interplay of a HFF diet and O. viverrini infection aggravates the progression of MASLD by augmenting liver damage, inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction. This study highlights the significance of incorporating both nutritional and infection factors into the management of liver disorders, especially in areas where opisthorchiasis is common.

01 Dec 2024·Parasitology Research

Improved environmental DNA detection sensitivity of Opisthorchis viverrini using a multi-marker assay

Article

Author: Matsuo, Riko ; Togetani, Ayana ; Minamoto, Toshifumi ; Phuphisut, Orawan ; Adisakwattana, Poom ; Limpanont, Yanin ; Sakata, Masayuki K ; Yoonuan, Tippayarat ; Sato, Megumi ; Sato, Marcello Otake

Opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, is endemic to Southeast Asian countries and constitutes a major health problem as it increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. However, owing to the complicated life cycle of O. viverrini, there is no rapid method for monitoring the risk of infection in the environment. The inability to identify water sources at risk of infection presents a challenge in implementing preventive measures in areas where fish are a significant component of the local diet. Using the environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to detect parasitic DNA in water samples, it is possible to understand the distribution of O. viverrini and the dynamics of infection with high accuracy. However, the sensitivity of environmental samples remains a bottleneck. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive method for detecting O. viverrini eDNA by designing a multi-marker assay targeting two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. We compared its performance with single-marker assays using tissue-derived DNA. The multi-marker assay exhibited the highest detection sensitivity. We also collected data from 56 sites in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand, in October 2022, and tested them for eDNA detection of O. viverrini. Eleven sites were positive in the multi-marker assay, whereas five sites were positive in the single-marker assay. This multi-marker assay can be used in the field to detect small organisms and rare species, other than parasites, that are expected to have low levels of eDNA.

01 Dec 2024·Acta Tropica

Construction and validation of a novel multi-epitope in silico vaccine design against the paramyosin protein of Opisthorchis viverrini using immunoinformatics analyses

Article

Author: Heikal, Muhammad F ; Heikal, Muhammad F. ; Kafle, Alok ; Mahato, Roshan Kumar ; Tenorio, Jan Clyden B ; Tenorio, Jan Clyden B. ; Dhakal, Sahara ; Suttiprapa, Sutas

Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains a significant but neglected health threat across Southeastern Asia. The early infective anabolic growth stage of O. viverrini expresses and exposes proteins integral for the growth and maturation of immature worms to the adult catabolic stage. Among these proteins, paramyosin emerged as a distinct immunogenic protein during opisthorchiasis. The functional region of the paramyosin protein known as myosin tail was selected to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) to elicit T and B cell immune responses in susceptible human hosts utilizing various immunoinformatics and in silico vaccinology tools. The vaccine candidate had several B- and T-cell epitopes that stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, in silico structural, docking, and dynamic analyses showed that the construct interacted with target immune receptors effectively, which may result in sufficient immunological stimulation. Analysis of simulated coverage efficacy also supports vaccine application in the field. Cloning and expression of the vaccine candidate were determined to be viable based on physicochemical and in silico assessments. These results reveal that the vaccine candidate developed herein is stable and potentially useful in addressing opisthorchiasis. The promising result of this study establishes a strong platform for initiating laboratory and efficacy trials for the vaccine candidate.

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