Last update 01 Nov 2024

Pinta

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

AZUL, Azul, CARATE

+ [28]

Introduction

An infectious disease of the skin caused by Treponema carateum that occurs only in the western hemisphere. Age of onset is between 10 and 20 years of age. This condition is characterized by marked changes in the skin color and is believed to be transmitted by direct person-to-person contact.

Clinical Trials associated with Pinta

IRCT201205029618N1 / CompletedPhase 2IIT

Formulation and Clinical Trial of a Traditional Dosage Form for Skin Depigmentation and Comparison to a Marketed Preparation in Two Groups of Patients Suffering From Vitiligo

Start Date05 Aug 2012

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Pinta

100 Translational Medicine associated with Pinta

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Pinta

Literatures (Medical) associated with Pinta

01 May 2020·American Journal of Physical AnthropologyQ2 · EARTH SCIENCE

Advancing the understanding of treponemal disease in the past and present

Q2 · EARTH SCIENCE

Review

Author: Mabey, David C. ; Stone, Anne C. ; Gregoricka, Lesley A. ; Lee, Christine ; Henneberg, Maciej ; Crane‐Kramer, Gillian ; Stodder, Ann L. W. ; Baker, Brenda J. ; Dee, Michael W. ; Lukehart, Sheila A. ; Roberts, Charlotte A. ; Winingear, Stevie

AbstractSyphilis was perceived to be a new disease in Europe in the late 15th century, igniting a debate about its origin that continues today in anthropological, historical, and medical circles. We move beyond this age‐old debate using an interdisciplinary approach that tackles broader questions to advance the understanding of treponemal infection (syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta). How did the causative organism(s) and humans co‐evolve? How did the related diseases caused by Treponema pallidum emerge in different parts of the world and affect people across both time and space? How are T. pallidum subspecies related to the treponeme causing pinta? The current state of scholarship in specific areas is reviewed with recommendations made to stimulate future work. Understanding treponemal biology, genetic relationships, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations is crucial for vaccine development today and for investigating the distribution of infection in both modern and past populations. Paleopathologists must improve diagnostic criteria and use a standard approach for recording skeletal lesions on archaeological human remains. Adequate contextualization of cultural and environmental conditions is necessary, including site dating and justification for any corrections made for marine or freshwater reservoir effects. Biogeochemical analyses may assess aquatic contributions to diet, physiological changes arising from treponemal disease and its treatments (e.g., mercury), or residential mobility of those affected. Shifting the focus from point of origin to investigating who is affected (e.g., by age/sex or socioeconomic status) and disease distribution (e.g., coastal/ inland, rural/urban) will advance our understanding of the treponemal disease and its impact on people through time.

01 Jul 2018·Infection, Genetics and EvolutionQ3 · MEDICINE

Genetics of human and animal uncultivable treponemal pathogens

Q3 · MEDICINE

Review

Author: Strouhal, Michal ; Šmajs, David ; Knauf, Sascha

Treponema pallidum is an uncultivable bacterium and the causative agent of syphilis (subsp. pallidum [TPA]), human yaws (subsp. pertenue [TPE]), and bejel (subsp. endemicum). Several species of nonhuman primates in Africa are infected by treponemes genetically undistinguishable from known human TPE strains. Besides Treponema pallidum, the equally uncultivable Treponema carateum causes pinta in humans. In lagomorphs, Treponema paraluisleporidarum ecovar Cuniculus and ecovar Lepus are the causative agents of rabbit and hare syphilis, respectively. All uncultivable pathogenic treponemes harbor a relatively small chromosome (1.1334-1.1405 Mbp) and show gene synteny with minimal genetic differences (>98% identity at the DNA level) between subspecies and species. While uncultivable pathogenic treponemes contain a highly conserved core genome, there are a number of highly variable and/or recombinant chromosomal loci. This is also reflected in the occurrence of intrastrain heterogeneity (genetic diversity within an infecting bacterial population). Molecular differences at several different chromosomal loci identified among TPA strains or isolates have been used for molecular typing and the epidemiological characterization of syphilis isolates. This review summarizes genome structure of uncultivable pathogenic treponemes including genetically variable regions.

01 Oct 2014·Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and HygieneQ4 · MEDICINE

Endemic treponemal diseases

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Mabey, David C ; Solomon, Anthony W ; Marks, Michael

The endemic treponemal diseases, consisting of yaws, bejel (endemic syphilis) and pinta, are non-venereal infections closely related to syphilis, and are recognized by WHO as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Despite previous worldwide eradication efforts the prevalence of yaws has rebounded in recent years and the disease is now a major public health problem in 14 countries. Adequate data on the epidemiology of bejel and pinta is lacking. Each disease is restricted to a specific ecological niche but all predominantly affect poor, rural communities. As with venereal syphilis, the clinical manifestations of the endemic treponemal diseases are variable and can be broken down in to early stage and late stage disease. Current diagnostic techniques are unable to distinguish the different causative species but newer molecular techniques are now making this possible. Penicillin has long been considered the mainstay of treatment for the endemic treponemal diseases but the recent discovery that azithromycin is effective in the treatment of yaws has renewed interest in these most neglected of the NTDs, and raised hopes that global eradication may finally be possible.

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