Aspergillus fungi are widely used in the traditional fermentation of food products, so their safety risks and functions are worthy of investigation. In this study, one Aspergillus luchuensis YZ-1 isolated from Liubao tea was identified based on phylogenetic analyses of sequences of three genes coding for internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), β-tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (CaM). The results of hemolytic activity, DNase activity, cytotoxicity assay, and antibiotic resistance assay indicated that the strain is potentially safe. The excellent gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and adhesion to human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell line were observed on analysis of the probiotic properties. Furthermore, the results of the antibacterial activity of A. luchuensis YZ-1 indicated that the strain had strong antagonistic effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. Simultaneously, the water extracts and 80% ethanolic extracts of A. luchuensis YZ-1 cells also showed strong ABTS, DPPH, and OH^- scavenging ability. Taken together, our results suggest that A. luchuensis YZ-1 has desirable functional probiotic properties and can be proposed as a biocontrol agent in the food industry.

01 Feb 2024·Pest Management Science

Bacillus subtilis YZ‐1 surfactins are involved in effective toxicity against agricultural pests

Article

Author: Li, Xingyu ; He, Pengbo ; Ahmed, Ayesha ; Wang, Zaiqiang ; Wu, Yixin ; He, Yueqiu ; Munir, Shahzad ; Xia, Mengyuan ; Wang, Yuehu ; Tang, Ping ; He, Pengfei ; Li, Yongmei

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect pests negatively affect crop quality and yield. The excessive use of chemical pesticides has serious impacts on the environment and food safety. Therefore, development of effective management strategies in the form of bio‐agents have important agricultural applications. Tenebrio molitor, a storage pest, causes losses of grains, medicinal materials, and various agricultural and related products in the warehouse. Bacillus subtilis YZ‐1 isolated from naturally deceased Pieris rapae has been found to exhibit significant toxicity against T. molitor.RESULTSTreatment with B. subtilis YZ‐1 fermentation broth resulted in a 90–95% mortality rate of T. molitor within 36 h post‐treatment, indicating some active substances may have insecticidal activity in the bacterial supernatant. A bioactivity‐guided fractionation method was used to isolate the insecticidal compounds from YZ‐1, which led to the identification of surfactins. Additionally, a surfactin deletion mutant YZ‐1△srfAA was constructed and the surfactin production by the mutant YZ‐1△srfAA was verified through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Further, YZ‐1△srfAA exhibited loss of insecticidal activity against T. molitor, Plutella xylostella and Achelura yunnanensis. The insecticidal activity and surfactins contents of several strains of Bacillus sp. were also tested and correlation was found between varying surfactins yield and insecticidal activity exhibited by different strains.CONCLUSIONConclusively, our results suggest that B. subtilis YZ‐1 may provide a novel approach for plant protection against agricultural pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

01 Dec 2023·Chemosphere

A biodegradable chitosan-based polymer for sustained nutrient release to stimulate groundwater hydrocarbon-degrading microflora.

Article

Author: Ding, Yang ; Shi, Yujia ; Wang, Yiliang ; Zhang, Yi ; Liu, Ting ; Zhang, Yuling ; Wang, Jili ; Li, Dong ; Zhang, Xinying ; Xu, Weiqing

Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater often has a low indigenous microorganism population and lacks the necessary nutrient substrates for biodegradation reaction, resulting in a weak natural remediation ability within the groundwater ecosystem. In this paper, we utilized the principle of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms to identify effective nutrients (NaH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄, NH₄NO₃, CaCl₂, MgSO₄·7H₂O, FeSO₄·7H₂O, and VB₁₂) and optimize nutrient substrate allocation through a combination of actual surveys of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sites and microcosm experiments. Building on this, combining biostimulation and controlled-release technology, we developed a biodegradable chitosan-based encapsulated targeted biostimulant (i.e., YZ-1) characterized by easy uptake, good stability, controllable slow-release migration, and longevity to stimulate indigenous microflora in groundwater to efficiently degrade petroleum hydrocarbon. Results showed that YZ-1 extended the active duration of nutrient components by 5-6 times, with a sustainable release time exceeding 2 months. Under YZ-1 stimulation, microorganisms grew rapidly, increasing the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon (10 mg L^-1) by indigenous microorganisms from 43.03% to 79.80% within 7 d. YZ-1 can easily adapt to varying concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. Specifically, in the range of 2-20 mg L^-1 of petroleum hydrocarbon, the indigenous microflora was able to degrade 71.73-80.54% of the petroleum hydrocarbon within a mere 7 d. YZ-1 injection facilitated the delivery of nutrient components into the underground environment, improved the conversion ability of inorganic electron donors/receptors in the indigenous microbial community system, and strengthened the co-metabolism mechanism among microorganisms, achieving the goal of efficient petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.

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