Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol and p-Cymene in Immobilized Male rats through Alterations in Molecular, Biochemical, Histological, and Behavioral Parameters

Article

Author: Asle-Rousta, Masoumeh ; Peirovy, Yasaman

The research was conducted to examine the neuroprotective effect of thymol and its precursor p-cymene on chronic immobility stress in adult male Wistar rats. The rats were subjected to 2.5 h of stress every day for 14 consecutive days by placing them inside a restrainer. Thymol (10 mg/kg) and p-cymene (50 mg/kg) were given to the rats during the same period. The results showed that thymol and p-cymene prevented the increase of MDA level, decline of GSH level, and decrease of SOD and GPx activity in the hippocampus of rats exposed to stress. These monoterpenes also prevented the increase in the expression of Tnfa, Il1b, Tlr4, and Nfkb, and the decrease in the expression of Nrf2, Ho1, and Bdnf. In addition, thymol and p-cymene inhibited the increase in the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of animals exposed to immobility and enhanced the expression of A7nachr. They also reduced neuronal death in the CA1 region of stressed animals and improved their performance in the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze tests. Based on these findings, thymol and p-cymene may be effective in preventing neurodegenerative diseases as they reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, strengthen ACh signaling, and stimulate Bdnf expression.

01 Feb 2025·Food Chemistry

Tea tree essential oil and its impact on blue mold, volatile compounds, and postharvest quality of ‘Fuji’ apples: A study of laboratory-extracted and commercial essential oils

Article

Author: Bortoluzzi, Airton Luiz ; Alves, Juliana Amaral Vignali ; Espíndola, Bruno Pansera ; do Amarante, Cassandro Vidal Talamini ; da Silva, Janaiana Catarina ; Casa, Ricardo Trezzi ; Steffens, Cristiano André ; Moreira, Marcelo Alves

This study evaluated the effects of tea tree essential oil (TTO) on blue mold severity, volatile compound profiles, and postharvest quality of 'Fuji' apples during cold storage. Two experiments were conducted using laboratory-extracted TTO from Brazil and commercial TTO from Australia, applied by vaporization at various concentrations. Both types of TTO affected major volatile compounds, including terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene, and α-terpinene. The laboratory-extracted TTO had higher of 1,8-cineole, while commercial TTO had more p-cymene. TTO reduced blue mold severity up to 115 μL L^-1 (laboratory) and 99 μL L^-1 (commercial). Ethylene production decreased with laboratory-extracted TTO up to 64 μL L^-1, while commercial TTO decreased ethylene production. Laboratory TTO increased the respiratory up to 41 μL L^-1 before declining, whereas commercial TTO continuously decreased the respiratory. Higher concentrations of laboratory TTO decreased flesh firmness and lightness.TTO types altered the apples' volatile profiles, reducing 'Fuji' apple aromas.

01 Dec 2024·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Myrtus communis essential oils in cold‐stored lactic butter

Article

Author: Keceli, Turkan Mutlu ; Mertoglu, Tuba Simsek

AbstractBackgroundThe use of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials in dairy production can increase the variety of dairy‐based products. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial changes in lactic butter samples made from heat‐treated creams and enriched with M. communis essential oils (EOs) were investigated.ResultsThe best lactic butter properties were achieved by optimizing the process at 70 and 80 °C. M. communis EOs decreased lipid oxidation and spoilage microorganism growth in lactic butter during cold storage. M. communis EOs have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in lactic butter equal to that of ascorbyl palmitate. α‐Pinene, p‐cymene, limonene, 3‐carene, 1,8‐cineol, β‐linalool, α‐terpineol and myretenol are the major contributors to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of M. communis EOs. They exhibit antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals by donating hydrogen or acting as termination enhancers, and antimicrobial activity by disruption of cell membranes, which may result in the leakage of macromolecules or the loss of essential metabolites, ultimately leading to cell death during the storage of lactic butter samples.ConclusionThe addition of M. communis EOs improves lactic butter stability equal to that of ascorbyl palmitate, and may be applied as a natural and effective preservative to maintain butter from lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage and enhance its safety.Practical applicationsThe growing recognition of the health benefits of natural antioxidants, as opposed to synthetic ones, has led to the development of new applications for natural antioxidants. In this regard, M. communis L. EOs can be used to enhance the shelf stability of cold‐stored lactic butter. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

100 Deals associated with Cymene

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Cymene	M01AX	-

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Mitochondrial Diseases	CN	Jilin Cao Huan Dan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-

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