DSM161

New antimicrobials are needed for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii . The de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a validated drug target for malaria and human autoimmune diseases. We provide genetic evidence that A. baumannii DHODH ( Ab DHODH) is essential for bacterial survival in rodent infection models. We chemically validate the target by repurposing a unique library of ~450 triazolopyrimidine/imidazopyrimidine analogs developed for our malaria DHODH program to identify 21 compounds with submicromolar activity on Ab DHODH. The most potent (DSM186, DHODH IC 50 28 nM) had a minimal inhibitory concentration of ≤1 µg/ml against geographically diverse A. baumannii strains, including meropenem-resistant isolates. A structurally related analog (DSM161) with a long in vivo half-life conferred significant protection in the neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. Encouragingly, the development of resistance to these compounds was not identified in vitro or in vivo. Lastly, the X-ray structure of Ab DHODH bound to DSM186 was solved to 1.4 Å resolution. These data support the potential of Ab DHODH as a drug target for the development of antimicrobials for the treatment of A. baumannii and potentially other high-risk bacterial infections.