Albumini Tannas

The current study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of bimetallic silver-bismuth (Ag-Bi) catalysts impregnated on different photoactive semiconductor substrates, including titanium dioxide (TiO₂), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), and Cadmium sulfide (CdS), for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP).Characterization of the catalysts was performed using UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD techniques, offering insights into their structural and optical properties.Notably, the Ag-Bi modification on CdS as the semiconductor substrate demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity, achieving approx. 87 % degradation within 60 min under sunlight.The addition of oxidants such as H₂O₂ and KPS further enhanced the degradation rate, reaching approx. 93 % with a rate constant of 0.0291 min^-1, representing a 25 % improvement.Detailed radical scavenger experiments elucidated the significant contribution of oxidizing radicals to the degradation process.Addnl., toxicity assessment using E.Coli and StaphylococcusAures bacterial strains unveiled a reduction in the inhibition zone, indicative of diminished toxicity in the treated effluent compared to the raw sample, thus affirming the efficacy of the photocatalytic treatment approach in mitigating harmful contaminants.Furthermore, the versatility of the catalyst was demonstrated through its efficacy in treating addnl. pharmaceutical compounds, such as tetracycline and amoxicillin with maximum removal of 66 % and 84 % resp., under visible sunlight based irradiationOverall, the current findings highlight the potential of Ag-Bi/CdS catalysts for efficient and environmentally benign treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.