Author: Yépez, Joana Estephany Gordillo ; Marangon, Renata Machado ; Tanaka, Orlando Motohiro ; Salvação, Sara Moreira Leal ; Ignácio, Sergio Aparecido ; Camargo, Elisa Souza ; Andreis, Patricia Kern Di Scala ; de Viveiros, Bruno Massa ; Guariza-Filho, Odilon ; Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues ; Vosgerau, Luana

OBJECTIVEWe evaluated whether the use of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) in masticatory muscles influences tooth movement and bone remodeling.DESIGNSeventy-seven male Wistar rats were allocated to the groups: S - Saline (n=20); SM - Saline with movement (n=20); BT - Botulinum toxin (n=18); BTM - Botulinum toxin with movement (n=19). On day 1, 0.02 mL of sterile 0.9 % saline was administered to groups S and SM and BTX-A (1 U in 0.02 mL of saline) to groups BT and BTM, in the masseter and temporal muscles laterally. On day 30, a nickel titanium spring was installed to move the first maxillary molar and euthanasia was performed on days 32 and 51. Tooth displacement, maxillary and mandibular bone volumes, collagen neoformation, bone and root resorptions, and masseter morphometry were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted (p < 0.05).RESULTSA higher percentage of type I collagen was observed in the BT than in the S group on day 51 and lower mass, length, and diameter of the masseter fibers in BT and BTM (p < 0.05). Tooth displacement, bone volume, bone and root resorptions, hyaline area, and masseter height showed no difference among groups with and without BTX-A, regardless of tooth movement (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSBTX-A did not interfere with tooth displacement, bone volume, and dental and periodontal tissues related to tooth movement in rats; it increased mature collagen in animals without tooth movement; and it caused a decrease in the mass, length, and diameter of the masseter fibers.

01 Dec 2024·Research in Veterinary Science

Treatment modalities for claw horn lesions and their effects on locomotion scores, gait properties, lesion progression, and nociceptive threshold in dairy cows: A systematic review

Review

Author: Degu, Nurhusien Yimer ; Syed-Hussain, Sharifah Salmah ; Ramanoon, Siti Zubaidah ; Mossadeq, Wan Mastura Shaik ; Mansor, Rozaihan ; Sadiq, Mohammed Babatunde

This systematic review presents scientific evidence on treatment modalities for claw horn lesions (CHLs) in dairy cows, and their efficacy in restoring normal gait, resolution of claw lesions, and improving nociceptive threshold. A literature search was performed in four databases leading to the synthesis of 10 articles for the final analysis. The types of treatment administered include single (STM), bimodal (BTM) and multimodal treatment modalities (MTM). Locomotion scores (LS) were the most reported outcome measure, followed by the resolution of claw lesion, time to lameness cure, nociceptive threshold and gait properties. Most pairwise comparisons for LS and nociceptive threshold depicted no significant difference between the various treatment groups. Meanwhile, a few pairwise comparisons in terms of resolution of claw lesion and time to lameness cure revealed that cows receiving MTM (claw trimming + hoof block + NSAID) or BTM (claw trimming + hoof block) recorded complete resolution of CHL and significantly less time to recover compared to those treated with an STM (only claw trimming). Despite the various modalities used in CHL treatment, their effects on LS, nociceptive threshold, and gait properties are still unclear. While evidence suggests that MTM and BTM facilitate rapid resolution of CHL and duration of lameness cure, only limited data are available and the association with specific lesions is poorly understood. Several sources of heterogeneity were identified between the studies, particularly duration of follow-up after treatment, LS systems, severity and duration of lameness, and types of treatment administered.

01 Nov 2024·Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being

Baseline trait mindfulness moderates the efficacy of mindfulness interventions and active controls: A meta‐analysis of 177 randomised controlled trials

Review

Author: Thiedmann, Phillip ; Sieder, Kathrin ; Tran, Ulrich S. ; Voracek, Martin

AbstractPrevious evidence suggests that benefits of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) may depend on individuals' baseline trait mindfulness (BTM) levels. This meta‐analysis investigated moderating effects of BTM on changes in mental health outcomes and trait mindfulness in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of MBIs. A total of 177 primary studies (total N = 13,486), comparing the treatment effects of MBIs against active, treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) and waitlist control groups, were synthesised via three‐level meta‐analysis. Lower BTM was associated with larger changes in mental health outcomes (B = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.06], p < .001) and trait mindfulness (B = −0.09 [−0.16, −0.02], p = .009) in MBIs and active controls combined. These associations were significantly larger than from those in TAU and waitlist controls. Moderating effects were less tangible for changes in trait mindfulness in MBIs and active controls individually and less tangible in various sensitivity analyses which, however, were confounded by client type across the RCTs. Individuals low in BTM may, by a small effect size, benefit more from MBIs and active control interventions. BTM may thus affect the evaluation of treatment efficacy. MBIs and active interventions could be offered specifically to persons low in BTM.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Multiple Myeloma	Preclinical	FI	Paras Biopharmaceuticals Finland Oy	07 May 2024

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