Cilostazol/Decanol

Morphology control greatly influences the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs); however, it remains challenging owing to their complex crystallization behavior. Herein, a small amount of Y6 (2 wt%) is introduced as a solid additive into a PM6:PY-DT blend. Y6 remained inside the active layer and interacted with PY-DT to form a well-mixed phase. Increased molecular packing, enlarged phase separation size, and decreased trap density are observed for the Y6-processed PM6:PY-DT blend. The corresponding devices showed simultaneously improved short-circuit current and fill factor, achieving a high PCE of over 18% and excellent long-term stability, with a T₈₀ lifetime of 1180 h and an extrapolated T₇₀ lifetime of 9185 h at maximum power point tracking (MPP) conditions under continuous one-sun illumination. This Y6-assisted strategy is successfully applied to other all-polymer blends, demonstrating its universality for all-PSCs. This work paves a new way for the fabrication of all-PSCs with high efficiency and superior long-term stability.

The effects of different monoculture years on rhizosphere fungal communities (abundance, diversity, structure, and cooccurrence network) of cut chrysanthemum were determined. Three different monoculture years were (i) planting for only 1 year (Y1), (ii) continuous monoculture for 6 years (Y6), and (iii) continuous monoculture for 12 years (Y12). Compared to the Y1 treatment, the Y12 treatment significantly decreased the rhizosphere fungal gene copy numbers but increased the potential pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (P < 0.05). Both the Y6 and Y12 treatments significantly increased fungal diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices), but Y6 had great potential to enhance fungal richness (Chao1 index) relative to the Y12 treatment. Monoculture treatments decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota but increased that of Mortierellomycota. Four ecological clusters (Modules 0, 3, 4, and 9) were observed in the fungal cooccurrence network across the Y1, Y6, and Y12 treatments, and only Module 0 was significantly enriched in the Y12 treatment and associated with soil properties (P < 0.05). RDA (redundancy analysis) and Mantel analysis showed that soil pH and soil nutrients (organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus) were the key factors affecting fungal communities during monoculture of cut chrysanthemum. Overall, the changes in soil properties were responsible for shaping rhizospheric soil fungal communities in long-term rather than short-term monoculture systems. KEY POINTS: • Both short- and long-term monocultures reshaped the soil fungal community structure. • Long-term monoculture enhanced the network complexity of the fungal community. • Soil pH, C and N levels mainly drove modularization in the fungal community network.