AbstractBackgroundNicotine pouches containing synthetic nicotine or tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) are available in the United States. Synthetic nicotine pouches are often marketed as “tobacco-free nicotine” (TFN), which may alter risk perceptions and product appeal. This study examined young adults’ perceptions of TFN versus TDN pouches and the associations between product perceptions and TFN pouch awareness, susceptibility, and use, respectively.Aims and MethodsIn total 630 young adults (18–25 years) completed an online Qualtrics panels survey in 2021. Participants were informed that TFN pouches contain synthetic nicotine as opposed to TDN. Participants reported on comparative risk perceptions for TFN versus TDN pouches and on TFN pouch awareness, susceptibility, and use. Unadjusted between-group comparisons and adjusted binary logistic regressions were run to examine relationships between product perceptions and TFN pouch awareness, susceptibility, and use.ResultsParticipants were aware of (37.3%), susceptible to (29.2%), or had used TFN pouches (3.8%). In unadjusted comparisons, TFN pouch awareness, susceptibility, and use were associated with disproportionately perceiving TFN pouches as less harmful or otherwise better than TDN pouches. In adjusted models, relationships between favorable perceptions and both TFN pouch awareness and susceptibility remained significant.ConclusionsThe descriptor “tobacco-free” may impact risk perceptions and the appeal of nicotine pouches among young adults. While no direct relationship was observed between TFN perceptions and TFN pouch use in the adjusted model, perceptions remained related to product awareness and susceptibility, which may be linked to future use. Continued surveillance is needed to fully determine how the term “tobacco-free” on product packaging and advertising impacts longitudinal public health outcomes.ImplicationsNicotine pouches originally contained TDN. Today, numerous brands of synthetic nicotine pouches, which are often marketed as “tobacco-free,” are available on the market. We informed participants that “tobacco-free nicotine” pouches contain synthetic nicotine and examined comparative risk perceptions (i.e. tobacco-free vs. TDN pouches) and TFN pouch awareness, susceptibility, and use. Perceiving tobacco-free nicotine pouches as less harmful than tobacco-derived pouches was associated with product awareness, susceptibility, and use in unadjusted models and with awareness and susceptibility in adjusted models. Restricting the term “tobacco-free” may become necessary if the term inaccurately reduces product risk perceptions or increases product appeal.

01 Mar 1998·Brain Research BulletinQ3 · MEDICINE

Effect of RGH-2716 on Learning and Memory Deficits of Young and Aged Rats in Water-Labyrinth

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Béla Kiss ; Egon Kárpáti ; Margit Paróczai

RGH-2716 is a novel 1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5] decan 2-one, which was published to have potent inhibitory effect on neuronal Na and Ca movement and stimulatory action on nerve growth factor (NGF)-production, as well as to show significant antiamnesic activity in experimental amnesia models. The aim of the present experiments was to study the effect of the compound on the learning process and on the different stages of memory using water-labyrinth in normal and memory impaired young animals, as well as to study cognitive effect of RGH-2716 on aged animals. At the doses of 0.5 mg/kg i.p. or 3 mg/kg p.o. given before daily swimming, this compound improved the learning process of young animals impaired by either diazepam (DIA) or scopolamine (SCOP). In retrograde amnesia model RGH-2716 (3 mg/kg p.o.) significantly ameliorated consolidation process and retrieval of information impaired by SCOP or DIA. Nimodipine and vinpocetine (10 mg/kg p.o.) showed moderate effect compared to RGH-2716. Aged rats pretreated with daily i.p. RGH-2716 performed the tasks with significantly fewer errors and shorter swimming time than untreated aged rats. When aged animals had to solve a new labyrinth problem, treated aged rats showed significantly better learning ability than aged controls. One month of oral treatment of aged rats with 3 mg/kg dose of RGH-2716 two times daily resulted in a "tendency-like" improvement in learning of aged Fischer 344 and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. The present results make RGH-2716 an interesting compound for the treatment of cognitive disorders.

01 Nov 1997·Brain ResearchQ4 · MEDICINE

The novel compound TDN-345 induces synthesis/secretion of nerve growth factor in C6-10A glioma cells

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Masahiro Suno ; Mitsuru Kakihana ; Hiroaki Fukumoto ; Yoshihiko Kaisho

A novel compound, TDN-345, not bearing catechol moiety, induced NGF synthesis/secretion in C6-10A glioma cells. Both intracellular and extracellular nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels increased within 3 h and reached a maximum around 12 h after the addition of TDN-345. The induction of NGF synthesis/secretion by TDN-345 occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, beginning with about 0.1 microM and reaching a maximum at 10 microM. The ED50 was 0.88 microM. The induction was accompanied by an increase in NGF mRNA but not beta-actin mRNA. In a time-course study, the NGF mRNA level was found to reach a maximum 2-3 h after the addition of TDN-345 and then to return to control levels. The induction occurred dose-dependently. The catecholaminergic compound epinephrine, which induces NGF synthesis/secretion, increased the intracellular cyclic AMP content by more than 1000-times at 10 microM. In contrast, TDN-345 did not cause such a prominent increase in cAMP even at 100 microM. These results indicate that TDN-345 induces NGF synthesis/secretion by increasing NGF mRNA expression, and the action of TDN-345 clearly differs from that of epinephrine, as it does not seem to involve cAMP as a second messenger. The results of the present study suggest the existence of a signal transduction pathway for NGF synthesis/secretion which is not mediated by cAMP.

100 Deals associated with RGH-2716

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Dementia	Phase 1	JP	Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	31 Dec 1995
Perioperative ischaemia	Phase 1	JP	Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	31 Dec 1995
Brain Ischemia	Preclinical	HU	Gedeon Richter Pharma GmbH	-
Cognition Disorders	Preclinical	HU	Gedeon Richter Pharma GmbH	-

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