Bursal peptide BP-IV as a novel immunoadjuvant enhances the protective efficacy of an epitope peptide vaccine containing T and B cell epitopes of the H9N2 avian influenza virus

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Liu, Yongqing ; Zhou, Jiangfei ; Chen, Liangliang ; Liao, Chengshui ; Wang, Chen ; Zhang, Min ; Shi, Shuaibing ; Wang, Xiaoli ; Shen, Tengfei

Short peptide antigens covering conserved T or B cell epitopes have been investigated in influenza vaccines. Bursal pentapeptide V (BPP-V) and bursal peptide IV (BP-IV) are small molecular peptides that were isolated and identified from the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and induce a strong immune response at both the humoural and cellular levels. To explore the molecular adjuvant potential of BPP-V and BP-IV with an epitope vaccine, an epitope peptide (HA_284-298, GNCVVQCQTERGGLN) rich in T and B cell epitopes for the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) haemagglutinin (HA) protein was selected. BPP-V and BP-IV were coupled with the epitope peptide sequence to form BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope vaccines, respectively. The immunoefficacy of BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccines was evaluated. The results showed that the epitope peptide had weak immunogenicity. The BPP-V-epitope peptide vaccine promoted only the secretion of anti-HA IgG and IgG1 antibodies. The BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine not only promoted the production of anti-HA IgG and IgG1 antibodies but also significantly induced the production of the IgG2a antibody. The BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine significantly promoted the production of interleukin (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (the BPP-V epitope peptide vaccine promoted only the production of IL-4), enhanced the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and increased the proportion of CD3⁺ T lymphocytes. Moreover, the BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine promoted a cell-mediated immune response similar to that of the AIV vaccine group. Furthermore, BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccines could also accelerate the clearance of pulmonary virus and reduce pathological damage after the challenge with H9N2 AIV. This study demonstrates the potential of BP-IV as an effective adjuvant for the epitope peptide vaccine for the H9N2 AIV.

01 Jun 2021·ChemosphereQ2 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Feather keratin derived sorbents for the treatment of wastewater produced during energy generation processes

Q2 · ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ECOLOGY

Article

Author: Arshad, Muhammad ; Naeth, M Anne ; Zahara, Irum ; Siddique, Tariq ; Ullah, Aman

Water dependency of energy generation systems including renewable energy resources pollute water. Efforts are being made to control energy-related water pollution. Here in, eight keratin derived biopolymers were developed to sequester the toxic trace elements from synthetic wastewater. Chemical modifications of biopolymers affect their physical and chemical characteristics, hence, enhance the sorption of contaminants from wastewaters. KBP-I (processed chicken feathers), KBP-II (acid modified), KBP-III & KBP-IV (modified with ionic liquids), KBP-V (amine modified), KBP-VI & KBP-VII (POSS modified) and KBP-VIII (sodium sulfite modified) were characterised for their surface morphology, structural integrity, functional group changes, crystallinity behaviour, surface area and pore size distribution using different analytical techniques. Developed biopolymers were then tested against synthetic wastewater spiked with nine transition and redox sensitive elements (100 μg L^-1 each). Among the eight biopolymers, KBP-I removed 87-93% of As and Cd, KBP-IV removed 80-85% of Cu and V^V, KBP-V removed 60-90% of Co, Ni and Zn, whereas KBP-VI removed 95% of Cr^VI. The developed keratin biopolymers show prospects to effectively treat the metals contaminated wastewater.

01 Apr 2020·Current HIV/AIDS ReportsQ2 · MEDICINE

The Impact of Treatment as Prevention on the HIV Epidemic in British Columbia, Canada

Q2 · MEDICINE

Review

Author: Krajden, Mel ; Sereda, Paul ; Wong, Jason ; Guillemi, Silvia A ; Brumme, Zabrina L ; Brumme, Chanson ; Montaner, Julio S G ; Henry, Bonnie ; Lima, Viviane D ; Barrios, Rolando ; Hogg, Robert S

PURPOSE OF REVIEWThis study proposes to describe the impact of a publicly funded Treatment as Prevention (TasP) strategy in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in decreasing the individual and public health impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic.RECENT FINDINGSIn BC, TasP has been associated with a steady decline in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. At the same time, a demographic transition was observed among people living with HIV (PLWH), with the majority of those on antiretroviral treatment (ART) now ≥ 50 years of age, living with at least one comorbidity, and dying from age-associated comorbidities. We also documented a progressive increase in the proportion of viral load suppression as a result of ART expansion. While the pre-ART CD4 T cell count has increased steadily in recent years, there is still a large proportion of PLWH being diagnosed in later stages of HIV infection. New HIV diagnoses have been rapidly declining, however to a lesser extent among men who have sex with men (MSM), and BC is currently experiencing an increase in infectious syphilis cases in this population. These facts reinforce the effectiveness of TasP in decreasing HIV transmission, but at the same time, it highlights the need for further innovation to enhance the control of HIV and syphilis among MSM. This study supports the development of new approaches that address existing gaps in the TasP strategy in BC, and the future health needs of PLWH.

100 Deals associated with TASP-V(University of Lausanne)

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Asthma	Phase 1	-	University of Lausanne	-
Rhinitis, Allergic	Phase 1	-	University of Lausanne	-

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