The effects of ecabapide, a novel substituted benzamide compound (3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylcarbamoylmethyl]amino-N-methylb enzamide) that has gastrointestinal prokinetic action, were examined on the discharge of extrinsic afferent nerves supplying the stomach and jejunum in anaesthetized rats. Ecabapide (60 and 180 microg kg(-1), i.v.) had no effect on the baseline discharge of vagal gastric distension-sensitive afferents or the stimulus-response profile to gastric distension. Ecabapide also had no effect on either spontaneous jejunal mesenteric afferent nerve discharge or responses to intestinal distension. Ecabapide (180 microg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited the maximum discharge of jejunal afferents induced by cholecystokinin (CCK8; 50 pmol, i.v.), whereas it failed to inhibit the excitatory action of 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (2Me-5-HT; 10 microg, i.v.), a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist. A model of acute focal intestinal ischaemia was used to evaluate the actions of ecabapide on the discharge of activated jejunal afferents. Ischaemia produced a substantial increase in afferent discharge which was reproducible when the duration of ischaemia was limited to less than 10 min and repeated every 15 min. Ecabapide at doses of 60 and 180 microg kg(-1) significantly reduced ischaemia-induced increases in afferent discharge. In addition to its therapeutic efficacy as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, these findings show also that ecabapide may also have an inhibitory action on the discharge of intestinal afferents activated by ischaemia.

01 Jan 1999·XenobioticaQ4 · MEDICINE

Identification of cytochromes P450 involved in human liver microsomal metabolism of ecabapide, a prokinetic agent

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Y Fujimaki ; T Inaba ; N Arai

1. In vitro studies identified the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme(s) involved in the major metabolism of ecabapide in human. 2. Ecabapide mainly underwent N-dealkylation to form M1 and 6-hydroxylation of the benzamide moiety to form M6. 3. The rates of formation of the major metabolites M1 and M6 were significantly correlated with CYP3A-selective testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase activities in 14 different human liver microsomes. The formation of both metabolites was markedly decreased by ketoconazole, miconazole or troleandomycin (TAO), CYP3A-selective inhibitors, and also was inhibited by anti-CYP3A antibodies. 4. These results strongly indicate that CYP3A is the predominant isozyme responsible for the major metabolism of ecabapide in human liver microsomes. 5. Marginal inhibition of the formation of M1 and M6 by nifedipine, a substrate of CYP3A with a Ki > 100 microM, suggested that nifedipne has a limited potential to inhibit the major metabolic pathways of ecabapide.

01 Jan 1999·YAKUGAKU ZASSHIQ4 · MEDICINE

A Cytoprotective Chloride Channel in Gastric Parietal Cells

Q4 · MEDICINE

Review

Author: Sakai, H

This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of the novel sub-pS Cl- channel (0.3 pS) that is present abundantly in the basolateral membrane of rabbit gastric parietal cells. The sub-pS Cl- channel is voltage-independent and inhibited by NPPB, a Cl- channel blocker. We found that this gastric Cl- channel is linked to three important physiological roles. First, the sub-pS Cl- channel has a housekeeping role through dominating the cell membrane potential. Although several types of cation channels are present, they do not significantly contribute to the membrane potential in the parietal cells. Second, the Cl- channel is activated by prostaglandin E2 via the EP3 receptor/Ca2-/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway. A vasodilator ecabapide also activates the channel by increasing the intracellular cGMP content. The NO/cGMP pathway-mediated opening of the sub-pS Cl- channel is essential for cytoprotection against ethanol-induced damage in the gastric parietal cells. The NO/cGMP-elicited cytoprotection is abolished by NPPB. To our knowledge, this Cl- channel is the first identified target for the cytoprotective NO/cGMP pathway. Third, the sub-pS Cl- channel is inhibited by the GTP-binding protein-mediated intracellular production of superoxide anion. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals have no effect on the channel activity. The intracellular superoxide anion acts as a messenger in the negative regulatory mechanism of the sub-pS Cl- channel. The similar sub-pS Cl- channel is also found in rat gastric parietal cells.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Gastritis	NDA/BLA	JP	Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	-
Gastritis	NDA/BLA	-	Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.	-

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