Hepatic encephalopathy is a syndrome occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis and is defined as neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver impairment, characterized by personality changes, intellectual impairment, and an impaired level of consciousness.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a necessary cofactor of the mitochondrial metabolism. It provides a High antioxidant and protective effects on age-related morbidities such as hypertension, heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases and hepatoprotective effects in drug related hepatic impairment.
Meclofenoxate is a cholinergic nootropic drug used clinically to improve memory, mental function and general cognition.

Start Date23 May 2019

Sponsor / Collaborator

Zagazig University

100 Clinical Results associated with Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

100 Translational Medicine associated with Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

156

Literatures (Medical) associated with Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

01 May 2024·Drug Testing and Analysis

Determination of chlorphenesin in cosmetics, a preservative that can affect anti‐doping test result interpretations

Article

Author: Wu, Yu-Tse ; Chang, William Chih-Wei ; Chan, Kuei-Hui ; Lu, Yi-Wen

AbstractChlorphenesin is a legitimate preservative commonly used in cosmetics. It shares one urinary metabolite of 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid with meclofenoxate, a prohibited stimulant in sports. Recently, there have been cases where athletes using chlorphenesin‐containing products were falsely identified as users of meclofenoxate. This study developed and validated a liquid chromatography method with diode‐array detection to determine the chlorphenesin content in 61 selected personal care products with various functions (e.g., facial care, body cleansing, sun protection, make‐up, hairstyling, perfume, and oral cleaning). The analytical method demonstrated fit‐for‐purpose quantitation and provided good linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery for analyzing different cosmetic matrices. Among the 27 cosmetics labeled with chlorphenesin, the chlorphenesin concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 2.67 mg/g, with three products showing no detection. None of the products exceeded the maximum limit of 3 mg/g (0.3%) set by regulatory authorities. Among the 34 cosmetics not labeled with chlorphenesin, none of them contained chlorphenesin. This study confirmed the absence of undeclared chlorphenesin in the selected cosmetics, supporting the correctness of chlorphenesin labeling in cosmetics sold in Taiwan. Further investigations studying urinary excretion patterns after different types, doses, frequencies, and sites of cosmetics applications could contribute to strengthen current testing approaches in anti‐doping.

01 Nov 2023·Drug Testing and Analysis

Determination of urinary deanol‐N‐oxide excretion profiles after ingestion of nutritional supplements containing deanol

Article

Author: Piper, Thomas ; Möller, Tristan ; Guddat, Sven ; Krug, Oliver ; Thevis, Mario ; Görgens, Christian

Abstract2‐(Dimethylamino)ethan‐1‐ol (Deanol) is a widely produced chemical used by both industry and consumers in a variety of applications. Meclofenoxate, a stimulant classified on the World Anti‐Doping Agency Prohibited List, metabolizes into deanol and, presumably, its main metabolite deanol‐N‐oxide. Hence, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, a quantitative detection method for deanol‐N‐oxide in urine was developed. Subsequently, the urinary excretion of deanol‐N‐oxide after oral application of 130 mg of deanol was determined in six volunteers, and urine samples of a cohort of 180 male and female athletes from different sports were analyzed. In addition, urinary deanol‐N‐oxide was determined in an exploratory study with one volunteer ingesting 250 mg of meclofenoxate. The developed test method allowed for limits of detection and quantification for deanol‐N‐oxide at 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Urinary deanol‐N‐oxide cmax levels were found between 100 and 250 μg/mL 2–5 h post‐administration of 130 mg of deanol. Similarly, urine samples collected after the administration of 250 mg of meclofenoxate exhibited cmax levels of 115 μg/mL. In contrast, deanol‐N‐oxide urine concentrations of pre‐administration specimens and 180 routine doping control urine sample were between 0.3 and 1.3 μg/mL and below limit of quantification and 1.8 μg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that the use of deanol and meclofenoxate results in significantly elevated urinary deanol‐N‐oxide levels. Whether or not monitoring deanol‐N‐oxide in doping controls can support decision‐making processes concerning the detection of meclofenoxate use necessitates further investigations taking into consideration the elimination kinetics of 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid, the main metabolite of meclofenoxate, and deanol‐N‐oxide.

01 Aug 2023·Drug testing and analysis

Unauthorized ingredients in "nootropic" dietary supplements: A review of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, international regulations, and potential as doping agents.

Review

Author: Anderson, Ashley ; Muszyńska, Bożena ; Stewart, Timothy ; Catlin, Don H ; Catlin, Oliver ; Jędrejko, Karol

The first nootropic prohibited in sport was fonturacetam (4-phenylpiracetam, carphedon) in 1998. Presented here 25 years later is a broad-scale consideration of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, regulations, and doping potential of nootropics viewed through a lens of 50 selected dietary supplements (DS) marketed as "cognitive enhancement," "brain health," "brain boosters," or "nootropics," with a focus on unauthorized ingredients. Nootropic DS have risen to prominence over the last decade often as multicomponent formulations of bioactive ingredients presenting compelling pharmacological questions and potential public health concerns. Many popular nootropics are unauthorized food or DS ingredients according to the European Commission including huperzine A, yohimbine, and dimethylaminoethanol; unapproved pharmaceuticals like phenibut or emoxypine (mexidol); previously registered drugs like meclofenoxate or reserpine; EU authorized pharmaceuticals like piracetam or vinpocetine; infamous doping agents like methylhexaneamine or dimethylbutylamine; and other investigational substances and peptides. Several are authorized DS ingredients in the United States resulting in significant global variability as to what qualifies as a legal nootropic. Prohibited stimulants or ß2-agonists commonly used in "pre-workout," "weight loss," or "thermogenic" DS such as octodrine, hordenine, or higenamine are often stacked with nootropic substances. While stimulants and ß2-agonists are defined as doping agents by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), many nootropics are not, although some may qualify as non-approved substances or related substances under catch-all language in the WADA Prohibited List. Synergistic combinations, excessive dosing, or recently researched pharmacology may justify listing certain nootropics as doping agents or warrant additional attention in future regulations.

100 Deals associated with Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D02243	Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride	N06BX01	DB13758

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Vertigo	JP	Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd.	22 Oct 2003
Alcohol poisoning	CN	Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	-
Coma, Post-Head Injury	CN	Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	-
Enuresis	CN	Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	-
Hypoxia, Brain	CN	Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	-

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