Completion fluids play a vital role in well-related processes within the oil extraction industry. This article presents a comprehensive study of the properties and performance of various brine solutions as completion fluids for different well and reservoir conditions. Attributes examined include density, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, compatibility with formation fluids, clay swelling potential and influence on wettability. The research highlights the significance of selecting appropriate completion fluids to optimize well and reservoir operations. Zinc chloride emerges as an excellent option for high density applications, while sodium chloride and potassium formate solutions are ideal for extreme cold conditions. Potassium acetate outperforms calcium chloride and potassium chloride and has excellent pH stability. The compatibility of completion fluids with formation water has been observed to be excellent, with no sedimentation or emulsion formation. Potassium acetate also experiences minimal clay swelling, making it suitable for clay-rich formations. On the other hand, calcium chloride has a higher clay swelling than most of the brines tested, making it less suitable for sandstone formations with a higher clay content than these brines. The research evaluates the water-wetting abilities of completion fluids in carbonate and sandstone formations. Potassium chloride and zinc chloride have the most significant impact in carbonate formations, while potassium acetate and potassium formate excel in sandstone formations. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of completion fluids, facilitating informed decisions that maximize operational efficiency, protect reservoir integrity, and enhance hydrocarbon recovery. The appropriate selection of completion fluids should align with specific well and reservoir conditions, considering the priorities of the application.

01 Feb 2023·Pest management science

Impact of volatility reduction agents on dicamba and glyphosate spray solutionpH, droplet dynamics, and weed control

Article

Author: Johnson, William G. ; Kouame, Koffi Badou‐Jeremie ; Butts, Thomas R. ; Werle, Rodrigo

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:

Regulations in 2021 required the addition of a volatility reduction agent (VRA) to dicamba spray mixtures for postemergence weed control. Understanding the impact of VRAs on weed control, droplet dynamics, and spray pH is essential.

RESULTS:

Adding glyphosate to dicamba decreased the solution pH by 0.63 to 1.85 units. Across locations, potassium carbonate increased the tank‐mixture pH by 0.85 to 1.65 units while potassium acetate raised the pH by 0.46 to 0.53 units. Glyphosate and dicamba in tank‐mixture reduced Palmer amaranth control by 14 percentage points compared to dicamba alone and decreased barnyardgrass control by 12 percentage points compared to glyphosate alone 4 weeks after application (WAA). VRAs resulted in a 5‐percentage point reduction in barnyardgrass control 4 WAA. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and giant ragweed control were unaffected by herbicide solution 4 WAA. Dicamba alone produced a larger average droplet size and had the fewest driftable fines (% volume < 200 μm). Potassium acetate produced a larger droplet size than potassium carbonate for Dv0.1and Dv0.5. The addition of glyphosate to dicamba decreased droplet size from the entire spray droplet spectrum (Dv0.1, Dv0.5, Dv0.9).

CONCLUSION:

A reduction in spray pH, droplet size, and weed control was observed from mixing dicamba and glyphosate. It may be advisable to avoid tank‐mixtures of these herbicides and instead, apply them sequentially to maximize effectiveness. VRAs differed in their impacts on spray solution pH and droplet dynamics, but resulted in a minimal negative to no impact on weed control. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

01 Dec 2021·Life sciencesQ3 · MEDICINE

N-acetyl l-aspartate and Triacetin modulate tumor suppressor MicroRNA and class I and II HDAC gene expression induce apoptosis in Glioblastoma cancer cells in vitro

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Ramalingam, PrasannaSrinivasan ; Moparthi, Nageswara Rao ; Kurappalli, Rohil Kumar ; Mekala, Janaki Ramaiah

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), grade IV glioma and is aggressive, malignant primary brain cancer. Altered expression and activity of epigenetic proteins such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in GBM metastasis. Also, acetates are important to brain metabolites that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we have examined the effect of the acetates on the cell-cycle. U87MG cancer cells treated with N-acetyl l-aspartate (NAA) and sodium acetate have exhibited G1 phase cell-cycle arrest whereas U87MG cells treated with Triacetin (TA), and potassium acetate has induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. We have observed inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) mRNA levels in acetate treated U87MG cells. Interestingly, acetates-treated U87MG cells have shown a significant reduction in the mRNA level of class II HDACs than class I HDACs. Acetate treated cells have exhibited an enhanced expression of various microRNAs such as miR-15b, miR-92, miR-101, miR-155, miR-199, miR-200, miR-223, miR-16, and miR-17 that are involved in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Further, these acetate molecules regulate genes involved in mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) such as mammalian stress-activated protein kinase-interacting protein (mSIN1), protein observed with Rictor 2 (Protor 2), and protein kinase C α (PKCα). The present study reveals the possible involvement of the mTORC2 complex during acetate-mediated HDAC inhibition, as well as microRNA modulation. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies were employed to understand the binding mode of these acetate molecules to mTOR, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor), and HDAC-8 proteins. Thus in this study, we have identified the pivotal role of acetates in the modulation of mTOR complex, epigenetic genes and provide structural as well as functional insights that will help in future drug discovery against GBM cancer therapy.

News (Medical) associated with Potassium Acetate

04 Aug 2023

·firstwordpharma.com

Pfizer curbs distribution of some drugs from tornado-hit plant

In a recent letter to hospitals, Pfizer stated that it is limiting the distribution of some drugs manufactured at its plant in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, after the facility was damaged by a tornado last month. The inventory management update listed 12 injectable products that Pfizer will only distribute through emergency orders "due to their high medical need," noting that its action is effective "immediately and until further notice."Some versions of the listed drugs were already in short supply in the US prior to the tornado, according to a database from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. These include sodium chloride injections used to treat hyponatraemia, as well as a potassium acetate injection used for hypokalaemia.Also on the list are certain versions of dobutamine and dopamine, used to treat hypotension, low cardiac output and reduced perfusion of body organs due to shock, trauma and sepsis. According to Pfizer's letter, hospitals will be asked to provide their requested order quantity and average monthly demand or usage.Pfizer previously stated that the Rocky Mount facility accounted for 8% of all sterile injectable medicines used in US hospitals, spanning anaesthesia, analgesia, therapeutics, anti-infectives, and neuromuscular blockers. In a statement following the tornado, the company said the warehouse facility, which stores raw materials, packaging supplies and finished medicines, appeared to have suffered the most damage, while an initial assessment suggested there did not appear to be "any major damage" to the medicine production areas, although it has warned that there could be supply disruptions.It also said it was exploring alternative manufacturing locations for production across its other sites in the US and abroad, as well as through its network of partners. During the company's recent earnings call, CEO Albert Bourla said the drugmaker is still assessing how long it will take to bring the facility back online.Meanwhile, all other products manufactured at the Rocky Mount facility that are not mentioned on the list remain available in the distribution chain. "We believe this is the most responsible approach to enable equitable distribution of their remaining inventory as well as support continuity of patient care while we work to restart production," Meera Bhavsar, Pfizer's sterile injectables portfolio lead, wrote in the letter.

100 Deals associated with Potassium Acetate

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01154	Potassium Acetate	B05XA17	DB14498

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hypokalemia	US	Hospira, Inc.	20 Jul 1984

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