Characteristics of Candida albicans Derived From HIV‐Positive Individuals With Oral Candidiasis: Genotyping, Phenotypic Variation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation

Article

Author: Hashemzadeh, Mohammad ; Mahmoudabadi, Ali Zarei ; Fatahinia, Mahnaz ; Erfaninejad, Maryam ; Maraghi, Elham

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral candidiasis (OC) is one of the most common mucosal infections in those afflicted with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the phenotype, genotype, antifungal susceptibility, and biofilm formation ability of oral Candida albicans isolated from HIV‐infected patients with OC.MethodsA total of 25 C. albicans isolates were collected from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients referred to Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The antifungal susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI M27 guideline (fourth edition). The crystal violet method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of isolates. Different phenotypes were identified on yeast extract‐peptone‐dextrose agar medium supplemented with phloxine B. Genotyping analysis of the isolates was performed using high‐resolution melting (HRM) assays and ABC genotyping.ResultsThe highest and lowest susceptibility of the C. albicans isolates was found for fluconazole 24 (96%) and ITC 18 (72%), respectively. Forty‐eight percent of the isolates had high biofilm formation ability and exhibited gray cell type. The most common genotype was genotype B (52%). HRM analysis of HIS3, EF3, and CDC3 markers showed three, four, and five different groups, respectively.ConclusionInvestigating the phenotype, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm formation ability of the C. albicans isolates obtained from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients revealed that the dominant genotypes in the current research could cause more serious infections from the oral source. We recommend further research with a larger sample size to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. albicans among HIV patients in Iran.

05 Jul 2024·European Thyroid Journal

Incidentally vs non-incidentally diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma: are there differences?

Article

Author: Pinheiro, Sara ; Cosme, Inês ; Leite, Valeriano ; Figueiredo, Ana

Graphical abstract

AbstractBackgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) incidence increased over the past 50 years. The explanation for this is not consensual.ObjectiveCompare incidental vs non-incidental TC (ITC vs NITC) regarding demographic, clinical, histological data and 5-year clinical outcomes.DesignRetrospective analysis of 225 papillary TC (PTC) cases that completed a 5-year follow-up.MethodsCreated 2 groups: ITC (including the incidentalomas) and NITC (cases of palpable or visible nodules or with thyroid compressive complaints).ResultsIncluded 225 PTC (122 were ITC). There were 95 women in ITC and 78 in NITC. ITC patients were significantly older (53.3 ± 14.8 vs 47.2 ± 17.7, P = 0.006). Groups had no differences in family history of TC. ITC mean tumour size was smaller (19.1 ± 9.2 vs 28.6 ± 16.2, P < 0.01). Tumours > 20 mm comprised 36.1% of ITC and 58.2% of NITC. We found no differences in tumour multifocality, histological thyroiditis, aggressive PTC subtypes, capsule or lymph-vascular invasion and gross extrathyroidal extension. There were no differences regarding the number of patients submitted to RAI or in RAI activity. pTMN staging showed higher prevalence of T3a and T4 cases (P < 0.01), and M1 status (P = 0.025) in NITC. There were no differences in the rates of persistence of disease. Logistic regression showed that the diagnostic modality had no impact on the 5-year clinical outcome.ConclusionITC patients were older and had smaller tumours. NITC showed no worst histological features or 5-year clinical outcome. Approximately, one third of ITC had diameters > 20 mm. As even large tumours can be ITC, overdiagnosis is the most likely cause of increasing incidence of TC.

01 Jul 2024·European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

Role of prior intratympanic gentamicin and corticosteroids therapy on speech understanding in patients with Menière's disease after cochlear implantation

Article

Author: Weiß, Rainer M ; Stuck, Boris A ; Gillhausen, Frederic ; Thangavelu, Kruthika ; Reimann, Katrin ; Mueller-Mazzotta, Jochen

AbstractAimIntratympanic injection of corticosteroids (ITC) and gentamicin therapy (ITG) are widely used treatments for vertigo in Meniere’s disease (MD). Even though studies show good results after cochlea implantation (CI) in MD patients when compared to non-MD groups, there is no indication on the effect of ITC and ITG prior to CI on hearing after CI. This study compares the post-operative hearing of CI patients with and without MD and patients who have received ITG or ITC prior to CI.MethodsIn a retrospective case control study, adult patients with MD who received CI from 2002 till 2021 were compared to a matched control group of CI patients without MD. Patients with prior ITC/ITG were extracted from MD group. Pre-operative audiological results were measured and trends across post-operative monosyllabic word recognition score at 65 decibels (WRS65CI) at switch-on, 3–6 months, 1 year and last yearly value were analyzed across all groups.Results28 MD ears were compared with 33 control ears. From MD ears 9 had received ITG and 6 ITC prior to CI. WRS65CI increased significantly with time within MD and control groups, but no difference in WRS65CI was found between these 2 groups. ITG ears showed fluctuating WRS65CI after CI with no change across time, while ITC ears showed significant increase in trend of WRS65CI values across time.ConclusionMD and non-MD patients showed comparable hearing results after CI. Prior ITC might positively influence hearing preservation after CI in MD patients whereas ITG group showed fluctuating hearing.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Neoplasms	Preclinical	IT	University of Pisa	09 Nov 2023

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