Adarotene

The two-component system (TCS) SrrAB responds to oxidative stress in Staphylococcus epidermidis . A srrAB deletion mutant (∆ srrAB ) was constructed using S. epidermidis strain 1457 (SE1457) as the parent strain to study its regulatory function in oxidative stress. Compared to SE1457, the viable cell counts of the ∆ srrAB mutant significantly decreased in the post-stationary phase culture, coinciding with a sharp increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) accumulation. The impaired growth of the ∆ srrAB mutant was partially restored by shifting the culture from oxic to microaerobic conditions. Consistently, growth of the ∆ srrAB mutant in tryptone soy broth (TSB) medium containing H 2 O 2 was notably inhibited compared to parent strain SE1457, and the mutant showed significantly decreased resistance (100- to 1,000-fold) to H 2 O 2 and cumene hydroperoxide in both oxic and microaerobic conditions, which was fully rescued by the addition of ROS inhibitor 2,2-dipyridyl. Furthermore, the deletion of srrAB resulted in decreased intracellular survival in the Ana-1 macrophages, likely due to intracellular ROS accumulation. The complementation of srrAB in the ∆ srrAB mutant restored ROS resistance and intracellular survival to wild-type levels. RNA-seq analysis revealed that srrAB deletion affected the transcription levels of 610 genes, including those involved in oxidative stress, respiratory and energy metabolism, and transition ion homeostasis. These findings were corroborated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. In the ∆ srrAB mutant, expressions of ROS-scavenging genes katA , ahpC , scdA , serp1797 , and serp0483 were downregulated compared to SE1457. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further demonstrated phosphorylated SrrA bound to the promoter regions of srrAB , katA , ahpC , scdA , serp1797 , and serp0483 genes. This study elucidates that in S. epidermidis , SrrAB is the critical TCS to sense and respond to the oxidants, directly regulating transcription levels of the genes involved in ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis, thereby facilitating S. epidermidis detoxification of ROS and adaptation to the commensal environment.

Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin and mucous microbiome is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, whereas the mechanism by which it inhabits, adapts, and further results in infection is not well known. In this study, we found that the two-component regulatory system SrrAB directly regulates transcription levels of the genes involved in reactive oxidative species (ROS) scavenging and ion homeostasis in S. epidermidis , influencing ROS accumulation during growth, thereby facilitating detoxification of ROS and adaptation to the commensal environment. This work provides new molecular insight into the mechanisms of SrrAB in regulating resistance and intracellular viability against oxidative stress in S. epidermidis .