Author: Bosschaerts, Stijn ; Rajaei, Fatemeh ; Schönleben, Alicia Macan ; Dahmardeh Behrooz, Reza ; Liu, Xuanchen ; Poma, Giulia ; Covaci, Adrian ; Yin, Shanshan ; Cseresznye, Adam

The environmental and public health concerns associated with chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are significant, given their widespread use, long-lasting persistence, and potential adverse health effects. The objective of this study was to assess the contamination of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs-C_8-36), the major contaminants in the CP technical mixtures, in kindergartens in Tehran, Iran, and to evaluate the cumulative exposure risks through various routes, including ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of dust. The results revealed a pervasive contamination with PCAs. The sum of PCAs-C_10-20 across all samples was found to be 1370 ng/g dw, with median values of 500 ng/g dw for ∑PCAs-C_10-13, 620 ng/g dw for ∑PCAs-C_14-17, and 280 ng/g dw for ∑PCAs-C_18-20. These levels did not correlate with outdoor environmental factors or indoor characteristics. Dermal contact constituted 64-84 % of total exposure, with toddlers showing higher intake than caretakers. A cumulative exposure assessment was conducted to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ). The highest HQ value was observed for girls in the case of ∑PCAs-C_10-13 (6.2 × 10^-5), and the HQ for all groups remained well below the risk threshold. Despite the low level of immediate risks, chronic exposure in vulnerable population groups justifies proactive measures. Further investigation of exposure sources and implementation of interventions to reduce potential health risks are recommended, given the ubiquity of CPs in indoor environments. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights significant environmental implications of pervasive polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs-C_8-36) contamination in Tehran's kindergartens, highlighting their persistence and potential long-term ecological impacts. Despite cumulative exposure risks (HQs <1) via dust ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, the ubiquity of PCAs (∑PCAs-C_10-20: 1370 ng/g dw) raises concerns about chronic low-dose exposure in vulnerable toddlers. The lack of correlation between contamination levels and environmental/indoor factors suggests complex, unidentified emission sources. These findings emphasize the need for proactive regulatory measures to mitigate CP releases and prioritize indoor environmental quality, particularly in child-centric settings. Further research is critical to identify exposure pathways and inform policies safeguarding public health against persistent organic pollutants.

01 Jul 2025·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Diethyl-hexyl-cyclohexane (Eco-DEHCH) is a safer phthalate alternative that does not elicit neuroendocrine disrupting effects

Article

Author: Bae, Myung Ae ; Kim, Ki-Tae ; Lee, Handule ; Kang, Jiyun ; Kim, Seong Soon ; Park, Kwangsik ; Tran, Cong Minh ; Cho, Sung-Hee

Alternative phthalates (APs) have been developed due to the reported adverse effects of conventional phthalates (CPs). However, whether APs are nontoxic and can replace CPs remains controversial due to their endocrine-disrupting (ED) effects. Herein, to investigate the ED potential of diethyl-hexyl-cyclohexane (DEHCH), a newly developed non-phthalate-structured AP, we employed in silico (molecular docking simulation), in vitro (cell-based assays for estrogen and androgen receptors), and in vivo (zebrafish embryo model) methods. We also compared the results with two CPs (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP] and diisononyl phthalate [DINP]) and two previously proposed non-phthalate-structured APs (1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester [DINCH] and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]). DEHCH did not exhibit the highest binding affinity for any of the five receptors such as estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid receptors, and thyroid receptor alpha and beta. None of the tested phthalates exhibited agonistic or antagonistic effects on estrogen and androgen receptors. In zebrafish larvae, DEHCH did not affect the expression of the nine endocrine-related genes and neurobehaviors, which correlates well with the lack of changes in the endogenous concentrations of the five neurosteroids. In contrast, DINCH, DEHP, and DEHTP induced hyperactivity, and except for DEHCH, four phthalates significantly upregulated at least one gene. In addition, DINCH significantly increased the expression of cortisol and DEHP increased progesterone, allopregnanolone, and cortisol. These findings demonstrate that DEHCH is safer than CPs and the previously proposed APs in terms of ED effects, including neuronal system dysregulation.

01 Jul 2025·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Remediating zinc-contaminated groundwater with calcium polysulfide using model porous media and simulated groundwater

Article

Author: Moon, Hee Sun ; Go, Hyeon Woo ; Nam, Kyoungphile ; Shackelford, Charles D ; Joo, Jin Chul ; Choi, Jiwon ; Kim, Jeongwoo

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using calcium polysulfide (CPS) for in-situ redox manipulation (CPS-ISRM) to remediate Zn-contaminated groundwater, focusing on concentrations exceeding 10,000 mg/L at a zinc smelting site in South Korea. Experiments with sand-only and sand-clay columns revealed that subsurface heterogeneity significantly impacts CPS transport, reactivity, and removal efficiency. Homogeneous sand conditions allowed rapid CPS migration and over 99 % Zn removal, albeit within a shorter reactive time frame. In contrast, heterogeneous sand-clay media enabled prolonged localized reactions due to CPS retention, although with less than 50 % Zn removal due to restricted distribution. CPS interactions with groundwater and geochemical constituents varied based on subsurface conditions, influencing permeability and chemical evolution. Precipitation including the formation of ZnS_(s) and CaSO_4(s) drove localized clogging and changes in hydraulic conductivity, particularly in confined zones of the sand-clay column. These findings highlight the importance of subsurface characterization and tailored CPS injection protocols, considering site-specific factors such as subsurface heterogeneity, groundwater chemistry, and interactions between CPS, groundwater constituents, and the targeted contaminants. Understanding these system dynamics is imperative for optimizing CPS-ISRM technology for field-scale groundwater remediation.

100 Deals associated with Cyclic peptides (Shandong University)

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Neoplasms	Preclinical	China	Shandong University	01 Mar 2020

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

AI Agents Built for Biopharma Breakthroughs

Accelerate discovery. Empower decisions. Transform outcomes.

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis


No Data

Cyclic peptides (Shandong University)

Overview

Basic Info

Related

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Deal

Core Patent

Clinical Trial

Approval

Regulation