Yeast extracts weakened warmed‐over flavor in surimi gels made from silver carp due to the masking effect by high concentrations of pyrazines and esters

Article

Author: Li, Ku ; Xiong, Shanbai ; An, Yueqi ; Li, Wenrong ; Guo, Jiangyong ; Shen, Shuo

AbstractWarmed‐over flavor (WOF) is an off‐flavor in surimi gels. Yeast extract (YE) could improve the aroma properties of food. However, the effect of YE on the WOF in surimi gels and its mechanism was still unclear. In this study, aroma profiles, the composition of aroma compounds and aroma precursors, concentrations of WOF compounds, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of surimi gels with different amounts of YE were investigated by molecular sensory science and chromatographic techniques. Moreover, the effect of pyrazines and esters introduced by YE on WOF was also tested by sensory analysis. The addition of no less than 1% YE to surimi gels significantly weakened WOF. However, YE did not decrease the concentrations of WOF compounds and did not change the fatty acid composition and TBARS in surimi gels. Conversely, the addition of YE significantly increased the contents of free amino acids, N‐containing compounds, and esters in surimi gels. The contents of total free amino acids, 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, and ethyl acetate in surimi gels with 2.5% YE were 1.5, 21, and 2.1 times higher than those in the control, respectively. Additionally, the sensory results of the spiked aroma models containing WOF compounds, 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, and esters showed that more than 9.4 µg/kg of 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine with a baked‐potato note and more than 6.1 µg/kg of ethyl acetate and 11.2 µg/kg of butyl acetate with a fruity note could significantly mask WOF. In conclusion, WOF in surimi gels could be masked by YE due to the high concentrations of pyrazines and esters.Practical Application: Yeast extracts could decrease the warmed‐over flavor (WOF) due to the high concentrations of pyrazines (baked‐potato note) and esters (fruity note). This finding extends the application of yeast extracts in the food industry. On the other hand, this study presents a reasonable solution for the reduction of WOF in surimi products.

13 Jun 2024·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New 2,6,7-Substituted Purine Derivatives as Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists for Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants

Article

Author: Kim, Seong Soon ; Bae, Myung Ae ; Choi, Jun-Ho ; Kim, Pyeongkeun ; Shin, Daeho ; Noh, Kyungseob ; Han, Soo Bong ; Kim, Jae Ho ; Kim, Morgan ; Kim, Meehyein ; Choi, Byeong Wook ; Singh, Ravi ; Ahn, Jin Hee ; Lee, Eun-Young

TLR7/8 agonists are versatile immune stimulators capable of treating various diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune, and cancer. Despite the structural similarity of TLR7/8, their immune stimulation mechanisms and time-course responses significantly differ. In this study, a new series of TLR7-selective agonists was synthesized utilizing the economical building block 2,6-dichloropurine. Compound 27b showed the most potent activity on hTLR7 with an EC₅₀ of 17.53 nM and demonstrated high hTLR7 selectivity (224 folds against TLR8). 27b effectively stimulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages and enhanced intranasal vaccine efficacy against influenza A virus in vivo. Assessment of humoral and mucosal antibody titers confirmed that 27b elevates IgG and IgA levels, protecting against both homologous and heterologous influenza viral infections. These findings suggest that 27b is a promising candidate as a vaccine adjuvant to prevent viral infections or as a robust immunomodulator with prolonged activity for treating immune-suppressed diseases.

30 Apr 2024·ACS Nano

In Situ Synthesis of Self-Assembly Supramolecular Crystal Seeds within Continuous Carbon Nanofibers for Improved Fiber Graphitic Structure

Article

Author: Liu, Jiani ; Qiao, Kun ; Sun, Yonglian ; Zhao, Shengyao ; Zhou, Mingzhe ; Zhou, Jiaqi ; Zhu, Bo ; Zhang, Ye ; Zhao, Wei ; Li, Jialin

The utilization of carbon-based fibers as a fundamental constituent holds strong appeal for diverse materials and devices. However, the poor fiber graphitic structure resulting from the heat treatment of atactic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors often leads to a modest performance of carbon-based fibers. This paper takes electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as the research object and provides a seed-assisted graphitization strategy to improve the fiber graphitic structures. The typical melamine/cyanuric acid self-assembly precursor of graphitic carbon nitride is applied as supramolecular seeds in CNFs and demonstrates significant promotion of fiber graphitization, while it decomposes at elevated temperatures. Further studies show that the higher carbon content contributes to the better heat resistance of seeds; thus, nanoscale 2,6-diaminopyridine/cyanuric acid and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine/barbituric acid supramolecular seeds are developed. Both systems can be uniformly distributed in PAN precursors through in situ self-assembly and withstand high-temperature carbonization without severe pyrolysis. The dispersed seeds contribute to the formation of fibrillar PAN crystals and promote their conversion to ordered graphitic domains through nucleation and templating roles. The obtained CNFs exhibit increased crystallinity and graphitization degree with improved orientation and refined size of fiber crystals. As a result, the strength, modulus, and elongation at break of CNFs are comprehensively enhanced.

100 Deals associated with 2,6-Diaminopurine(Cleveland Clinic)

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hemophilia A	Preclinical	US	The Cleveland Clinic Foundation	10 Dec 2022

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