Efficient catalysts are needed to accelerate the conversion and suppress the shuttling of polysulfides (LiPSs) to promote the further development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Intermetallic niobium boride (NbB₂) has indefinite potential due to superior catalytic activity. Nonetheless, the lack of a rational understanding of catalysis creates a challenge for the design of catalysts. Herein, a NbB₂/reduced graphene oxide-modified PP separator (NbB₂/rGO/PP) is rationally designed. Essential, an in-depth insight into the catalysis mechanism of NbB₂ toward LiPSs is established based on experiments and multiperspective measurement characterization, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and density functional theory (DFT). It has been uncovered that the actual catalyst that interacts with LiPSs in NbB₂ is the passivated surface with an oxide layer (O₂-NbB₂), which occurs through B-O-Li and Nb-O-Li bonds, rather than the clean NbB₂ surface. And the decomposition barrier of Li₂S is greatly reduced by a substantial margin, dropping from 3.390 to 0.93 and 0.85 eV on the Nb-O and B-O surfaces, respectively, with fast Li⁺ diffusivity. Consequently, the cell with NbB₂/rGO/PP as a functional separator achieves a high discharge capacity of 873 mAh g^-1 at 1C after 100 cycles. Moreover, the benefits of NbB₂/rGO/PP can be effectively maintained even at a high sulfur loading of 7.06 mg cm^-2 without significant reduction and with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 8 μL mg^-1_s. This study enhances our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of Li-S systems and presents a promising approach for developing electrocatalysts that are resilient to poisoning.

11 Oct 2023·Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic-Doped Inorganic Polymers for Thermo-Structural Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

Article

Author: Medri, Valentina ; Mingazzini, Claudio ; Landi, Elena ; Scafè, Matteo ; Natali Murri, Annalisa ; Papa, Elettra

New inorganic nanostructured matrices for fiber-reinforced composites with enhanced high-temperature stability were developed from alkali aluminosilicate polymers doped with different ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) particles. The alkali aluminosilicate matrices were synthesized at room temperature with a high SiO₂:Al₂O₃ ratio and then further functionalized by doping with 4-5 wt % of micrometric SiC, ZrB₂, ZrC, and HfC powders and finally thermally stabilized as glass-ceramics at 750 °C. The different UHTC-doped matrices were characterized according to their dimensional and microstructural changes after thermal cycling in air flux at 1000 °C. The first results showed that carbide-based UHTC powders improved the thermal stability of the matrices, preventing the excessive swelling of the material and the formation of detrimental voids that might result in the lack of adhesion with reinforcing fibers. Contrarily, the addition of ZrB₂ resulted in an excessive matrix swelling at high temperature, thus proving no efficacy compared to the undoped matrix. Impregnation tests carried out on C-fiber fabrics showed good processability, adhesion to the fibers, and fracture pull-out, especially for carbide-based matrices.

01 Sep 2023·Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

[Effects of mycorrhizal planting on small molecular chemical components of Dendrobium officinale].

Article

Author: Shan, Ting-Ting ; Chen, Tong-Yao ; Tian, Li-Xia ; Meng, Zhi-Xia ; Chen, Xiao-Mei ; Zeng, Xu ; Guo, Shun-Xing

This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the application of the mycorrhizal planting technology of Dendrobium officinale by investigating the effects of mycorrhizal planting on the fingerprints of D. officinale and the content of six chemical components. Seventeen samples of D. officinale under mycorrhizal and conventional planting were collected from four regions, such as Jinhua of Zhejiang. The HPLC fingerprints were established to evaluate the similarity of the samples. The content of six chemical components of the samples was determined by HPLC. There were 15 common peaks in the fingerprints, and five of them were identified by marker compounds, which were naringenin, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybibenzyl, 3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl, 3',4-dihydroxy-3,5'-dimethoxybibenzyl(gigantol), and 3,4-dihydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(DDB-2). The similarities of the fingerprints of mycorrhizal and conventional planting samples and the control fingerprint were in the ranges of 0.733-0.936 and 0.834-0.942, respectively. The influences of mycorrhizal planting on fingerprints were related to planting regions, the germplasm of D. officianle, and the amount of fungal agent. The content of six chemical components in the samples varied greatly, and the content of DDB-2 was the highest, ranging from 69.83 to 488.47 μg·g~(-1). The mycorrhizal planting samples from Chongming of Shanghai and Taizhou of Jiangsu showed an increase in the content of 5-6 components, while samples from Zhangzhou of Fujian and Jinhua of Zhejiang showed an increase in the content of 1-2 components. The results showed that mycorrhizal planting technology did not change the chemical profile of small molecular chemical components of D. officinale, but affected the content of chemical components such as bibenzyls, which has a good application prospect.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma	Preclinical	US	The Broad Institute, Inc.	17 Apr 2023
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma	Preclinical	CH	Ridgeline Discovery GmbH	17 Apr 2023

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