Delving into the Latest Updates on Oxiglutatione with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

GSSG, Glutathione disulphide, Oxidized glutathione

+ [5]

Target-

Action-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Digestive System DisordersOther Diseases

Active Indication

HypoxiaLiver DiseasesPoisoning+ [1]

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Active Organization

Chongqing Yao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Alcon Laboratories, Inc.

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

Japan (04 Oct 1991),

Ophthalmologic surgical procedures

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC20H32N6O12S2

InChIKeyYPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-N

CAS Registry27025-41-8

Pinctada maxima is a pearl oyster species producing large, high-quality marine pearls. However, juvenile mortality (shell length < 5 cm) in this species adversely affects commercial pearl production. Understanding the molecular mechanism and genes related to mass mortality will help mitigate this problem. Therefore, the present study investigated the transcriptomic and metabolic differences between pearl oysters during high mortality (HM) and after this period (PD) to shed light on the causes of juvenile mass mortality. Initial analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that protease, α-amylase, and catalase activities in the hepatopancreatic tissues of pearl oysters at the HM stage were significantly lower than at the PD stage. Conversely, glutathione and lysozyme contents, and superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase activities were notably higher at the HM stage than at the PD stage. Metabolomic analysis identified 98 metabolites in the adductor muscle significantly different between the two stages, which enriched glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. Transcriptome analysis identified 677 differentially expressed genes in the adductor muscle between these stages, which enriched neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, glutathione metabolism, and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. Finally, an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome suggested that pearl oysters at the HM stage experience oxidative stress, activate immune-related genes, and exacerbate the low energy status. These findings on the causes of mass mortality lay a theoretical foundation for improving the survival rate of juveniles and advancing the industrialization of P. maxima.

01 Sep 2025·Biomaterials

Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric heterojunction drives nanozyme catalysis to induce bacterial cuproptosis-like death and promote bone vascularization and osseointegration

Article

Author: Li, Mei ; Zhu, Zhengwei ; Huang, Yuliang ; Peng, Sijun ; Peng, Feng ; Zheng, Dengwen ; Zhong, Hua ; Ma, Sushuang ; Qiu, Longhai ; Yang, Ren

Osteomyelitis is a severe and persistent bone infection that poses significant challenges to clinical treatment, often requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy and invasive procedures. Nanomaterial-based non-antibiotic therapies have emerged as promising alternatives in combating bacterial infections. However, effectively treating osteomyelitis while simultaneously promoting bone repair remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a nanoheterojunction catalytic reactor composed of copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) quantum dots (CFO@MoS₂), leveraging ultrasound catalysis in combination with copper ions to induce bacterial cuproptosis-like death. Theoretical calculations indicate that the establishment of a heterojunction interface can accelerate oxygen adsorption, inducing electron flow toward oxygen atoms at the interface, thereby enhancing the separation of interface electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, copper ions released from CFO@MoS₂ undergo valence state changes under ultrasound, activating the Fenton reaction and releasing reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria. Gene sequencing shows that CFO@MoS₂, when activated by ultrasound, disrupts bacterial energy synthesis, interferes with bacterial metabolism, and induces copper-related bacterial death. More importantly, the microcurrents generated by ultrasound synergistic with the released copper and iron ions stimulate the expression of angiogenic and osteogenic genes, promoting bone regeneration. The ultrasound-triggered catalytic reaction by CFO@MoS₂ disrupts bacterial homeostasis, accelerates bacterial death, and offers a novel therapeutic strategy for osteomyelitis.

01 Aug 2025·Biomaterials

Nanozyme-functionalized microalgal biohybrid microrobots in inflammatory bowel disease treatment

Article

Author: Yang, Jinmei ; Li, Runtan ; Ji, Xiaoyuan ; Zhang, Zhuhong ; Liu, Xinting ; Han, Jingwen ; Ran, Nana ; Yang, Yiwen ; Chong, Wei ; Yuan, Mengyu ; Li, Ruiyan ; Ye, Jiamin

Oral drugs are the most direct and effective strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the harsh environment of gastric juice, lack of targeted lesion sites, and rapid metabolism present difficulties in the development of oral drugs. This research introduces a nanozyme-functionalized microalgal biohybrid microrobot (Hp@CS-PNAs@PAA) with a novel mechanism for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by leveraging the therapeutic advantages of microalgae and nanozymes. The microrobot uniquely combines the natural antioxidant capacity of Hematococcus pluvialis (Hp) microalgae and the catalytically active enzyme-mimicking properties of platinum-based nanoparticle assemblies (PNAs), enabling enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and targeted anti-inflammatory effects. Through its layered design, the Hp@CS-PNAs@PAA microrobot can navigate the gastrointestinal tract, resist degradation, and target inflamed colon tissues via electrostatic interactions, achieving extended retention and prolonged therapeutic action at inflammation sites. This study demonstrated that the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the microrobot derive from its ability to reduce ROS, inhibit proinflammatory cytokines, and promote the expression of tight junction proteins critical for preserving the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Both in vitro and in vivo tests in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model revealed that this system effectively restores damaged tissues by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating significant potential for clinical application in the management of colitis and similar inflammatory diseases.

100 Deals associated with Oxiglutatione

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00031	Oxiglutatione	V03AB	DB03310

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hypoxia	China	Chongqing Yao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1999
Liver Diseases	China	Chongqing Yao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1999
Poisoning	China	Chongqing Yao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1999
Ophthalmologic surgical procedures	Japan	Alcon Laboratories, Inc.	04 Oct 1991

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ARVO2023	Not Applicable	-	-	Glutathione oxidized	isxbhrsuub(vwflbvythz) = qakwtxgtkj nkdebpxrwi (ifrtkqacxq )	-	01 Jun 2023
				Raddeanin A	isxbhrsuub(vwflbvythz) = cxoxynokyf nkdebpxrwi (ifrtkqacxq )
ARVO2006	Not Applicable	-	-	Ascorbic Acid (BSS Plus)	rfipzbnilb(xszzywunmv) = vgafsvgdcl dklwjtegpn (ecydnxcbjj )	-	01 May 2006
				BSS Plus and ascorbic acid solution	rfipzbnilb(xszzywunmv) = eksyxdknal dklwjtegpn (ecydnxcbjj )