The alkylation of caffeine with Me iodide afforded 1,3,7,9-tetramethylxanthinium iodide, which was further reacted with PdCl₂, KI, and K₂CO₃ in neat pyridine to afford the [PdI₂(NHC)(Py)] complex 1 in two steps and 73% overall yield.An intermediate anion exchange afforded the corresponding dichlorido complex 2 in 70% overall yield.Theophylline was successfully converted into a new xanthinium salt bearing an iso-Bu group on its N7 atom, which was further employed to prepare the [PdCl₂(NHC)(Py)] complex 3.These three Pd-PEPPSI catalyst precursors were fully characterized and the mol. structure of complex 2 was determinedComplexes 1-3 displayed a high catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acids.Aryl bromides and iodides bearing either electron-donating or withdrawing substituents afforded a wide range of biaryl derivatives that were isolated in 40-93% yields (30 examples).The reactions required only a low catalyst loading (0.25 mol%) and were carried out in a green, water-based solvent mixture using K₂CO₃ as a base in the presence of air.Although less reactive, aryl chlorides were also successfully activated under more forcing conditions, provided that an electron-withdrawing group was present on their aromatic ring.

01 Mar 1998·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry LettersQ4 · MEDICINE

New bronchodilators selected by molecular topology

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: P. Santamaria ; J. Cortijo ; I. Ríos-Santamarina ; J. Gálvez ; E. Morcillo ; R. García-Domenech

Molecular topology has been applied to find new lead compounds with bronchodilator activity. Among the selected compounds stands out 3-(1H-tetrazol-5yl)-9H-thioxanthene-9 -one-10,10-dioxide, anthrarobin, 9-oxo-9H-thioxantene-3-carboxylic-10,10-dioxide acid, acenocoumarol and griseofulvin, with a percentage of relaxation, at 0.1 mM, of 91, 92, 85, 69, and 74%, respectively. Theophylline shows a correspondent value of 77% (Emax = 100% at 1 mM).

01 Mar 1994·Drug Metabolism and Disposition

Metabolism of isbufylline in humans. Isolation, identification, and synthesis of plasma and urine metabolites.

Author: Bonacchi, G. ; Moneti, G. ; Agostini, O. ; Triolo, A. ; Manzini, S. ; Pieraccini, G. ; Coppini, G. ; Toja, E.

Isbufylline (I) metabolism after oral administration to humans was studied.The main metabolites detected by the HPLC method, in plasma, were 1-methyl-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl) xanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl) xanthine, and 1-methyl-7-(2-methyl-propyl) xanthine).The main metabolites detected in urine were 1-methyl-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl) xanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-carboxy-propyl) xanthine, and 1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-hydroxymethyl-propyl) xanthine glucuronic acid-Gluc.They were isolated by HPLC, identified by GC/MS, HPLC/MS, or HPLC/MS/MS, and finally synthesized.Recovery of these metabolites, along with the absence of unmetabolized isbufylline in the urine, indicated biotransformation and renal excretion as the main routes of isbufylline elimination in humans.HPLC quantitation of the characterized urine metabolites revealed that 49% of the drug was eliminated as 1-methyl-7-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl) xanthine, 9% as 1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-hydroxymethyl-propyl) xanthine glucuronic acid-Gluc, and 5% as 1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-carboxy-propyl) xanthine.

100 Deals associated with Isbufylline

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Asthma	Phase 2	-	Malesci Istituto Farmacobiologico SpA	-
Asthma	Phase 2	-	A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite Srl	-
Asthma	Phase 2	Italy	-	-

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis


No Data

Isbufylline

Overview

Basic Info

Structure/Sequence

Related

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Deal

Core Patent

Clinical Trial

Approval

Regulation