AbstractSeveral Convolvulaceae species harbor heritable fungal endophytes from which alkaloids are translocated to reproductive tissues of the plant host. Evidence for the distribution and ecological role of these fungal alkaloids, however, is lacking or incomplete for many host species and growth forms. Here we report on the identity of the fungal endophytes and quantities of alkaloids present in the leaves and seeds of the arborescent morning glory, Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). Young folded leaf samples taken from the wild, harbored mycelium of one of two fungal taxa wrapped around the leaves’ glandular trichomes. Most trees harbored the swainsonine producing Ceramothyrium (Chaetothyriales) fungi while a few trees were found to harbor a Truncatella (Xylariales) species, suggesting endophyte replacement. Seeds had higher concentrations of the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine than leaves. Additionally, seeds from trees harboring Ceramothyrium fungi exhibited less bruchid damage and had higher concentrations of swainsonine than seeds from trees harboring Truncatella fungi. Five sesquiterpenes were detected in the leaf trichomes in both Ceramothyrium and Truncatella colonized trees. The seed content of the tropane alkaloids, tropine and tropinone, did not differ significantly among the two fungal symbionts. It is likely that the host allocates the defensive chemicals from leaves to seeds, protecting them from seed predators such as bruchid beetles. Overall, our field data show that Ipomoea species provides an interesting opportunity to study vertical and horizontal fungal symbiont transmissions.

01 Mar 2025·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

Intoxication of sheep by Astragalus arequipensis in northwestern Argentina

Article

Author: Cook, Daniel ; Marin, Raul E. ; Fortunato, Renée H. ; Riet-Correa, Franklin ; Armien, Anibal G. ; Uzal, Francisco A. ; Gardner, Dale

Spontaneous intoxication by Astragalus arequipensis was diagnosed in a flock of 300 sheep in Jujuy province, northwestern Argentina, that grazed an area heavily invaded by this plant. The main clinical signs were intention tremors, ataxia, and progressive loss of condition. Autopsy of 2 affected animals revealed loss of body condition. The main microscopic changes were fine cytoplasmic vacuolation of cells in the cerebrum, cerebellum, thyroid and adrenal glands, kidney, liver, pancreas, urinary bladder, and lymph nodes, and swollen axons in the cerebellum. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic vacuoles consisted of dilated secondary lysosomes. Composite leaf and stem samples of A. arequipensis analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography contained 0.05% swainsonine. The diagnosis of intoxication by A. arequipensis was made based on the clinical history and signs; gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural changes; and detection of swainsonine in the plant.

01 Feb 2025·Chemistry & Biodiversity

Biodiversity and Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. as a Potential Antibacterial and Anticancer Agent

Article

Author: Triastuti, Asih ; Davi Setiawan, Iwang ; Ilyas, Muhammad ; Fitria, Annisa ; Wahyu Wardana, Andika ; Pramisandi, Amila ; Anshory Tamhid, Hady ; Sukmarini, Linda

AbstractEndophytic fungi are considered a new source of bioactive compounds that have important applications in agriculture and medicine. This study aims to investigate the biodiversity and potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. as antimicrobials and anticancer agents. Out of ten isolated endophytes, four species have never been reported to be associated with H. cordata: Ceratobasidium sp., Cladosporium sp., Phomopsis sp., and Fusarium sp. The antibacterial activity assay revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of Ceratobasidium sp. HCS‐3 possessed most potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, its cytotoxic activity test showed the promising anticancer activity on lung cancer A549, osteosarcoma MG‐63, and cervical cancer HeLa cells with IC50 of 4.55±1.16, 32.14±2.78, and 1.54±0.66 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, metabolite profiling identified 66 compounds suggesting that benzoic acid, farnesol, and cyclopeptides may contribute to the antibacterial activity, while 4‐methoxycinnamic acid may have anticancer potential.

100 Deals associated with Swainsonine

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Swainsonine	-	DB02034

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