Author: Millette, Maude ; Henderson, Mélanie ; Tremblay, Marie-Claude ; Wang, Yue-Pei ; Bernatchez, Francesca ; Boulet, Geneviève ; Rabasa-Lhoret, Rémi ; Gagnon, Claudia ; Simoneau-Roy, Judith ; Chouinard-Castonguay, Sarah ; Brazeau, Anne-Sophie ; Kinnard, Nathalie ; Mégalli, Mélissa ; Vanasse, Andréane

Aims: Ease of use and acceptability of nasal versus injectable glucagon (IG) among pediatric responders have been little investigated. This study compared the performance of administering nasal and IG in parents of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in school workers. Enablers and barriers associated with each glucagon and preferred glucagon administration learning modality were also evaluated. Methods: Three months after watching short pedagogical videos, 30 parents and 30 school workers performed simulated scenarios where they administered both glucagon. Completion time and successful execution of critical steps were collected. Interviews assessed preferred learning modalities, barriers, and enablers associated with each glucagon. Results: Both groups administered nasal glucagon faster than IG (median [interquartile range]: parents 19 [12-29] vs. 97 [71-117] s, P < 0.001; school workers 24 [16-33] vs. 129 [105-165] s, P < 0.001). A lower proportion of participants successfully executed all critical steps for injectable versus nasal glucagon (significant difference for school workers [53% vs. 90%; P = 0.007] but not for parents [68% vs. 83%; P = 0.227]). Nasal glucagon was preferred for ease of use and acceptability. Preferred learning modalities were a combination of videos and workshops, but videos alone could suffice for nasal glucagon. Conclusions: Nasal glucagon is faster to use, more likely to be successfully administered, and more acceptable than IG for parents of children with T1D and school workers. Nasal glucagon training with videos could improve school workers' involvement in severe hypoglycemia management. Clinical Trial number, URL to the registration: NCT05395000, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05395000.

01 Aug 2022·Growth Hormone & IGF Research

Prolactin response to growth hormone stimulation tests

Article

Author: Silbergeld, Avivah ; Barazani, Chen ; Laron, Zvi

BACKGROUNDDespite many similarities between the structure, receptors, proliferative and growth promoting actions, the relationship between Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) in clinical conditions has received little attention.OBJECTIVETo determine the PRL response to GH stimulation tests.SUBJECTSPrepubertal and early pubertal boys (n = 581) and girls (n = 502) with idiopathic, non-syndromatic short stature.DESIGNData was retrieved from the computerized records of the Endocrine Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center. Peak GH and PRL levels during GH stimulation tests with glucagon (Gluc), Clonidine (Clon) and Clonidine with arginine (Clon+Arg), were compared. Both PRL and GH were determined by radioimmunoassay.RESULTSWhereas Gluc stimulated both GH and PRL to similar levels, Clon alone or combined with Arg suppressed the PRL secretion (p < 0.0001). It is also evident that in both boys and girls Clon alone and Clon±Arg are superior to Gluc in GH stimulation. The higher GH levels during Clon+Arg than with Clon alone are attributed to the pubertal stage.CONCLUSIONThis study provides further information on the Prolactin-Growth hormone relationship in children.

01 Apr 2022·Diabetes TherapyQ4 · MEDICINE

Cost of Severe Hypoglycemia and Budget Impact with Nasal Glucagon in Patients with Diabetes in Spain

Q4 · MEDICINE

ArticleOA

Author: Artime, Esther ; Mitchell, Beth ; Díaz-Cerezo, Silvia ; Osumili, Beatrice ; Valentine, William J ; Sharland, Helen ; Rubio-de Santos, Miriam ; Giménez, Marga ; Spaepen, Erik

INTRODUCTIONSevere hypoglycemic events (SHE) represent a clinical and economic burden in patients with diabetes. Nasal glucagon (NG) is a novel treatment for SHEs with similar efficacy, but with a usability advantage over injectable glucagon (IG) that may translate to improved economic outcomes. The economic implications of this usability advantage on SHE-related spending in Spain were explored in this analysis.METHODSA cost-offset and budget impact analysis (BIA) was conducted using a decision tree model, adapted for the Spanish setting. The model calculated average costs per SHE over the SHE treatment pathway following a treatment attempt with IG or NG. Analyses were performed separately in three populations with insulin-treated diabetes: children and adolescents (4-17 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), adults with T1D and adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with respective population estimates applied in BIA. Treatment probabilities were assumed to be equal for IG and NG, except for treatment success following glucagon administration. Epidemiologic and cost data were obtained from Spanish-specific sources. BIA results were presented at a 3-year time horizon.RESULTSOn a per SHE level, NG was associated with lower costs compared to IG (children and adolescents with T1D, EUR 820; adults with T1D, EUR 804; adults with T2D, EUR 725). Lower costs were attributed to reduced costs of professional medical assistance in patients treated with NG. After 3 years, BIA showed that relative to IG, the introduction of NG was projected to reduce SHE-related spending by EUR 1,158,969, EUR 142,162,371, and EUR 6,542,585 in children and adolescents with T1D, adults with T1D, and adults with insulin-treated T2D, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn Spain, the usability advantage of NG over IG translates to potential cost savings per SHE in three populations with insulin-treated diabetes, and the introduction of NG was associated with a lower budget impact versus IG in each group.

100 Deals associated with Glucagon(ILS)

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-	-	H04AA01	-

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hypoglycemia	JP	ILS, Inc.	15 Mar 1996

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