Axogenesis Factor-1(Alseres)

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which no curative drugs are available and treatment available is just palliative.

Current research focused on design of Tacrine-Flavone hybrids as multitargeted cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors.

A total of 10 Tacrine- Flavone hybrids were designed, synthesized and characterized. The in vitro neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of the synthesized compounds determined using SHSY5Y cell line and HEPG2 cell line. One most active compound (AF1) with least toxicity in in vitro studies was chosen for in vivo studies. Acute and subacute toxicity of the novel compound AF1 conducted on Wistar rats according to OECD guideline 423 and 407. The LD50 value of the novel compound calculated according to Finney’s method using Probit analysis. Anti-Alzheimer’s activity studies conducted on male Wistar rats. Behavioral studies conducted and AChE and MAO-B activity determined in rat brain.

All the compounds exhibited good inhibitory effect on MAO B and AChE. The neurotoxicity studies of the active compound AF1 did not show toxicity up to 100μg. The hepatotoxicity study of the most active compound AF1, showed the compound to be safe up to 200μg. The LD 50 value of the novel compound after a single oral administration was found to be 64 mg/kg bodyweight in rats. Subacute toxicity studies did not show any remarkable toxicity in the vital organs up to 40 mg/kg. Activity studies showed comparable results with standard at 20 mg/kg.

The results showed that the novel Tacrine-Flavone hybrids are multitarget-directed ligands, which are safe and active compared to tacrine and can be a promising lead molecule for further study.

In this study, two types of liquid alkali-free accelerators were prepared by aluminum sulfate (AF₁) and aluminum mud wastes (AF₂), and the life cycle assessment (LCA) in the preparation of AF₁ and AF₂ was compared. The LCA was considered from cradle to gate including raw materials used, transportation, and accelerator preparation based on the method ReCiPe2016. The results indicated that AF₁ had a higher environmental impact in all midpoint impact categories and endpoint indicators than that of AF₂, and AF₂ reduced 43.59% emission of CO₂, 59.09% emission of SO₂, 71% consumption of mineral resources, and 46.67% consumption of fossil resources than that of AF₁ respectively. As an environment-friendly accelerator, AF₂ had a better application performance than traditional accelerator AF_1. When the dosage of accelerators was 7%, the initial setting times of cement pastes containing AF₁ and AF₂ were 4 min 57 s and 4 min 04 s respectively, the final setting times of cement pastes containing AF₁ and AF₂ were 11 min 49 s and 9 min 53 s respectively, and the compressive strengths at 1 d of mortars containing AF₁ and AF₂ were 7.35 MPa and 8.33 MPa respectively. This study aims to provide technical feasibility and environmental impact assessment for exploring new avenues of preparing environment-friendly liquid alkali-free accelerators with aluminum mud solid wastes. It has great potential in reducing carbon and pollution emissions and has a greater competitive advantage due to great application performance.