Delving into the Latest Updates on Clonazolam with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Clonitrazolam

Target

GABAA receptor

Action

modulators

Mechanism

GABAA receptor modulators(Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor modulators)

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Anxiety Disorders

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinuedPreclinical

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC17H12ClN5O2

InChIKeyXJRGLCAWBRZUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry33887-02-4

The rapid global spread of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in recent years has become an issue in many countries. One emerging technology that can provide early warnings and assessments of drug situations is the monitoring of NPS in wastewater. In this study, we developed and optimized a high-throughput qualitative screening method based on direct injection that enabled the simultaneous detection of 311 NPS and metabolites (87 synthetic cannabinoids, 43 synthetic cathinones, 71 phenylethylamines, 10 tryptamines, 40 phencyclidines, 9 benzodiazepines, 38 fentanyls, and 13 piperazines) in wastewater. The run time for drug detection was only 16 min, and the method was validated to perform well in terms of selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery, and matrix effect. Overall, 95.8 % of the targets had an LOD ≤10 ng/L and the recoveries ranged from 71.01 % to 119.88 %. The method was validated on 976 real samples from a city in China, and 32 substances were detected, with the highest detection rate for ketamine. This study provides a simple and direct analytical method for wastewater monitoring, which will aid in combating drug-related crime and maintaining social stability as new NPS continue to enter global markets.

01 Jul 2025·DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW

Contents and Time‐Course of Falsified Alprazolam Detections in New South Wales, Australia

Article

Author: Cullinan, Una ; Ewers, Christopher ; Roberts, Darren M. ; Jiranantakan, Thanjira ; Brown, Jared A. ; Smith, Janette L.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction:

Falsified alprazolam tablets (sometimes called ‘counterfeit alprazolam’) typically do not contain alprazolam and instead contain novel benzodiazepines or other drugs. We describe temporal changes in the number and contents of falsified alprazolam tablets in New South Wales, Australia.

Methods:

We searched a database of analysed police seizures between January 2012 and March 2024 for falsified alprazolam (tablet presenting as Kalma, Mylan, Xanax, Sandoz or Alprax brands, but not containing alprazolam and/or contained other drugs). Falsified alprazolam tablets taken by patients presenting to NSW Health services for 5 months in 2020 were also tested.

Results:

We identified 809 falsified alprazolam tablet seizures, mostly Xanax (n = 406, 50%) or Mylan (n = 322, 40%) brands. The three most common drugs detected in falsified alprazolam tablets were the novel benzodiazepines etizolam (present in n = 228 samples, 28%), clonazolam (n = 224, 28%) and bromazolam (n = 178, 22%). Of all falsified alprazolam tablets, only 70 (8.7%) contained alprazolam. There were rare detections of non‐benzodiazepine drugs including the opioids etodesnitazene and ortho‐desmethyltramadol.

Discussion and Conclusions:

Our analysis highlights the variability in contents of falsified alprazolam tablets over time. This report highlights the potential value of surveillance systems involving analysis of police seizure data as part of a drug early warning system. Our results are of interest to the community who take falsified alprazolam tablets, and to health care workers managing cases of poisoning or dependence. This study highlights the need to continue developing the ability to detect, assess and respond to emerging falsified products, to facilitate clinical and public health responses.

01 May 2025·DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW

Changes over time in novel benzodiazepines contributing to fatal overdoses in Victoria, Australia

Article

Author: Schumann, Jennifer L. ; Syrjanen, Rebekka ; Dwyer, Jeremy A.

Abstract:

Introduction:

Novel benzodiazepines (NBZN) have increased in availability and use since the mid‐2000s, with a corresponding rise in associated harms including deaths.

Methods:

The study used data from the Victorian Overdose Deaths Register to explore which specific NBZNs and combinations of NBZNs contributed over time to Victorian overdose deaths between January 2009 and December 2023.

Results:

There were 140 NBZN‐involved overdose deaths in Victoria, with an observable increase in deaths from 2019 onward. Eight main groupings of deaths in time were identified, based on contributing NBZNs. Key groupings included etizolam‐related deaths between 2019 and 2021, followed by flualprazolam and clonazolam deaths, and later, bromazolam and clobromazolam combinations in 2022–2023.

Discussion and Conclusions:

These findings reflect the transiency of NBZNs in Victoria's unregulated drug market and highlight the importance of certain harm reduction measures in addressing increasing NBZN use. These include public education around the risks of using benzodiazepines not dispensed from pharmacies and the use of drug checking services to assist people obtaining benzodiazepines from unregulated drug markets.

100 Deals associated with Clonazolam

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