A new pectin (ALP-2) was extracted from the roots of Arctium lappa L. with the molecular weight of 1.84 × 10⁶ Da. ALP-2 was composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. Results of NMR revealed that the dominant linkage types of ALP-2 were →4-α-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→, →2-α-Rha-(1→, →5-α-Araf-(1→ and →3,6-β-Galp-(1→. The ELISA results indicated ALP-2 was a typical pectin with HG chain and RG-I chain. The rheological experiments showed that ALP-2 fluid exhibited shear thinning behavior. The viscosity of ALP-2 was mainly affected by concentration, temperature, and pH. The ALP-2 fluid with elastic properties at high frequencies could be used as a thickener in the food industry. Moreover, ALP-2 with the dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited strong anti-constipation activity in vivo. ALP-2 treated groups could improve small intestinal movement rate and increase the weight of feces significantly in constipation mice. Therefore, ALP-2 could be considered as the active component for functional food or therapeutic agent in constipation therapy.

01 Jan 1990·International ImmunologyQ3 · MEDICINE

Monoclonal antibodies to epitope of CD45R (B220) inhibit interleukin 4-mediated B cell proliferation and differentiation

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Hidetoshi Sato ; Hiroyuki Nishimura ; Toshikazu Shirai ; Sachiko Hirose ; Kiyoshi Hasegawa ; Shigeki Ogawa

A mAb, ALP-2, produced by immunizing rats with proliferating lymph node cells from MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice, had an inhibitory effect on recombinant interleukin 4 (rIL-4)-mediated proliferation and differentiation of murine B cells. Kinetic analysis revealed that the ALP-2 exerted these inhibitory effects at an early phase of B cell proliferation and differentiation. Nevertheless, the proliferative response of thymocytes to rIL-4 was not inhibited by ALP-2. In addition, ALP-2 inhibited neither the B cell proliferation induced by interleukin 2 nor the B cell differentiation by interleukin 5. Cross-inhibition experiments, together with immunoblotting analysis, revealed that the LP-2 recognized by ALP-2 appears to be an epitope of CD45R (B220) molecule(s), the isoform(s) of the Ly-5 antigen system. Epitope mapping analysis using CD45 gene transfectants showed that Lp-2 epitope is dependent upon the expression of the first alternatively spliced exon of CD45 gene. Functional studies showed that the mAb to an epitope of CD45R, RA3-2C2, but not RA3-6B2, had similar inhibitory effects on the IL-4-mediated proliferative response of B cells. These findings suggest that the CD45R molecules associated with Lp-2 and RA3-2C2 epitopes are probably related to a signal transduction provided by IL-4 in B cells. The possibility that different pathways are operative for IL-4-mediated signaling between B and T cells has to be considered.

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