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Last update 08 May 2025

Codeine Sulfate

Last update 08 May 2025

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryCodeine, a diminutive molecular compound, exerts its agonistic influence upon opioid receptors situated within the central nervous system. These receptor bindings have the consequential effect of engendering an array of variously potentiated pharmacological repercussions, most notably inclusive of analgesia and sedation. Invariably, this drug is ubiquitously leveraged in the management of moderate to severe pain, especially within clinical scenarios where less efficacious non-opioid analgesics do not suffice. Conceived and marketed by the Hikma Pharmaceuticals International Ltd., Codeine triumphantly garnered its inaugural regulatory endorsement in 2009. However, despite its overwhelming acceptance as an analgesic of preeminent standing, the expeditious recourse to Codeine is not without its associated drawbacks, notably the proclivity for consequential undesirable effects, inter alia, respiratory depression, constipation, and addiction. Ergo, its prescription is constrained to those cases where alternative pain relief modalities have failed to yield favorable outcomes.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Codeine sulfate (USP), Codeine sulfate trihydrate

Target

μ opioid receptor

Action

agonists

Mechanism

μ opioid receptor agonists(Mu opioid receptor agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Pain

Inactive Indication

Pain, Procedural

Originator Organization

West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp.

Active Organization

Hikma Pharmaceuticals International Ltd.

Inactive Organization

Roxane Laboratories, Inc.

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (16 Jul 2009),

Pain

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC36H50N2O13S

InChIKeyBOLDZXRCJAJADM-AAXBYHQXSA-N

CAS Registry6854-40-6

View All Structures (3)

Clinical Trials associated with Codeine Sulfate

CTIS2024-512673-28-00

/ RecruitingPhase 4

Double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over MRI study to evaluate the effect of naloxegol and codeine on gastrointestinal motility and volumes

Start Date28 Oct 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

UZ Leuven

NCT03478423

/ TerminatedNot ApplicableIIT

A Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial of Opioid Analgesics for the Management of Acute Fracture Pain in Adults Discharged From the Emergency Department

Background: Emergency department (ED) providers are frequently challenged with how best to treat acute pain, specifically when non-opioid analgesics are insufficient or contraindicated. Studies have documented older patients presenting to the ED with painful conditions are less likely to receive pain medications than younger patients, and this inadequate pain control has been associated with increased risk of delirium and longer hospital stays. Given the concerns for drug interactions, adverse side effects, over-sedation and addiction; emergency physicians often report uncertainty regarding the ideal choice of opioid analgesic in older adults. There are no guidelines informing best practice for the management of acute pain in this population.
Objective: The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of codeine, oxycodone and hydromorphone for acute fracture pain in patients discharged from the ED.
Methods: This will be a blinded, randomized controlled trial of adults (age ≥ 18) discharged home from the ED with acute pain secondary to an upper extremity, lower extremity, rib, pelvic or vertebral compression fracture. Patients will be randomized to receive a 3-day supply of codeine, oxycodone or hydromorphone. Patients will also be given acetaminophen. Patients will be contacted by phone or email 3 days following their ED visit. The primary outcome will be differences in pain scores at 3 days assessed using the validated Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form). Secondary outcomes will include side effects (ie: confusion, constipation), adverse events (i.e, falls, healthcare visits) and pain interference with daily activity. Patients, physicians and all research staff will be blinded to group allocation.
Importance: All analgesics (including opioids) prescribed to adults are associated with an increased risk of adverse events. This study seeks to inform ED providers of opioid efficacy, side effects and patient-important, functional outcomes in this growing patient population.

Start Date05 Feb 2018

Sponsor / Collaborator

Mount Sinai Hospital (Canada)

NCT03173456

/ CompletedPhase 2IIT

Comparing the Efficacy of Five Oral Analgesics for Treatment of Acute Musculoskeletal Extremity Pain in the Emergency Department

This study compares the efficacy of five oral analgesics: 5 mg oxycodone + 325 mg acetaminophen, 5 mg hydrocodone + 300 mg acetaminophen, 30 mg codeine + 300 mg acetaminophen, 400 mg ibuprofen + 1000 mg acetaminophen, and 800 mg ibuprofen + 1000 mg acetaminophen for the treatment of patients with acute musculoskeletal pain who present to the Emergency Department (ED).

Start Date28 Nov 2017

Sponsor / Collaborator

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Inc.

100 Clinical Results associated with Codeine Sulfate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Codeine Sulfate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Codeine Sulfate

12,849

Literatures (Medical) associated with Codeine Sulfate

01 Jul 2025·Water Research

Impact of long-term and short-term magnesium hydroxide dosing on transformation of chemical biomarkers in the sewer systems

Article

Author: Thai, Phong ; Ren, Jianan ; Khan, Stuart ; Zheng, Qiuda ; Li, Jiaying ; Cen, Xiaotong ; Zhao, Zeyang ; Zheng, Min ; Duan, Haoran

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) dosing is widely applied for sewer odour control. However, its impact on the fate of biomarkers used for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been overlooked. This study investigated the long-term and short-term impact of Mg(OH)₂ dosing on in-sewer transformation of 20 biomarkers. The dosing duration and amount of Mg(OH)₂ were specifically controlled in laboratory-scale sewer reactors, which led to long-term biofilm adaptation and instant change of wastewater pH. Mg(OH)₂ dosing rapidly inhibited H₂S at high pH levels and changed microbial community structure after long-term exposure. The transformation of biomarkers was a combined result of pH-driven abiotic process and biodegradation in the dosing-impacted sewers. The high stability of biomarkers like acesulfame and carbamazepine was unaffected by Mg(OH)₂ dosing. Most unstable biomarkers like caffeine, codeine and nicotine presented less degradation and extended half-lives in sewers received either long-term or short-term dosing, compared to their rapid losses under normal sewer conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of both instant and lasting impacts of Mg(OH)₂ dosing on microbial community, biological activity, and biomarker stability in sewers. The longer half-lives of biomarkers in Mg(OH)₂-dosed sewers benefited WBE application due to the improved detection reliability and less uncertainty related to biomarker loss, suggesting that chemical dosing information is required for accurate WBE estimation within a catchment.

01 Jun 2025·Emerging Contaminants

Exposure assessment of 113 exogenous chemicals simultaneously in serum samples from children in north Shandong, China, and their association with sex, age, and body mass index

Author: Zhi, Mengxue ; Zhang, Fenghong ; Wang, Danyang ; Wang, Jianshe

Children are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from exposure to environmental chems., necessitating comprehensive assessment to mitigate health risks.In this study, we analyzed 477 serum samples from children aged 2-6 years in North Shandong, China, using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to create an exposure profile of 184 exogenous chems.These chems. encompass pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial and consumer chems., and food additives.Of these, 113 exogenous chems. were identified above the limit of detection in the serum of at least one child participant, and 37 were detected in more than 30% of the children.Notably, 17 of the 24 selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were detected.PFOA, PFBA, and PFHxS exhibited the highest concentrations, with geometric means of 38.11 ng/mL, 17.39 ng/mL, and 7.35 ng/mL, resp.The elevated levels of short-chain PFBA suggests increased production and environmental release in recent years.Anal. of sex-based differences revealed significant differences in the serum levels of 11 chems., with nine compounds displaying higher concentrations in girls than in boys.Notably, long-chain PFAS, including PFUnDA, PFDA, and PFTrDA, were present at higher concentrations in girls, while short-chain PFHpA and PFBS were higher in boys.Addnl., serum levels of di-Ph phosphate and fipronil sulfone declined slightly with age, indicating heightened exposure risk during early childhood.Pos. associations between monoethyl phthalate and fipronil sulfone concentrations with BMI categories were observed, suggesting a potential obesogenic effect of these compoundsThis study provides critical insights into the profiles of exogenous chems. in young children and highlights the need for targeted risk assessment of environmental pollutants impacting pediatric health.

01 Jun 2025·Food Chemistry

High-throughput screening of new psychoactive substances and related compounds in food by UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap

Article

Author: Wu, Wenlin ; Huang, Xia ; Liu, Shiyao ; Chen, Xiaoqi ; Zhou, Yan ; Wan, Yuping ; Xia, Bing ; Guo, Tianrong ; Shi, Peiyu ; Xiao, Quanwei ; Zhang, Min

Currently, there is concern about food products to which new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been added illegally. However, rapid, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput screening methods for such harmful substances have not been reported yet. In this study, a high-throughput non-targeted screening strategy was developed based on UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap. First, optimized pretreatment methods for typical high-risk matrices were established. Second, an accurate, efficient, and scalable high resolution mass spectrometry database containing 206 NPS and related compounds was constructed. The fragmentation pathways of three different types of fentanyl-related compounds were then systematically investigated to enhance compound identification. Additionally, a non-targeted screening strategy was developed using warning ions derived from 24 fentanyl-related compounds, streamlining the identification of NPS. This strategy was applied to 100 food samples with possible illegal additives and demonstrated its effectiveness. In summary, this study provides robust technical support for regulatory authorities in combating the illegal addition of food products.

News (Medical) associated with Codeine Sulfate

23 Dec 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Penn Dental Medicine Pain Management Clinical Practice Guideline Among Top Trending Articles in 2024

PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 23, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- A pain management clinical practice guideline developed by Penn Dental Medicine's Center for Integrative Global Oral Health (CIGOH) is among The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA)'s top five trending articles for 2024, according to JADA. Originally published in the September 2023 issue of JADA, the guideline for managing acute dental pain in children was developed by CIGOH, the American Dental Association Science and Research Institute (ADASRI), and the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. Dr. Alonso Carrasco-Labra, Associate Professor and Director of the Cochrane Oral Health Collaborating Center at Penn Dental Medicine, and Olivia Urquhart, an epidemiologist and instructor within CIGOH, co-led its development. Endorsed by the ADA, the guideline notes that acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are recommended as first-line treatments for managing short-term dental pain in children under age 12. A guideline panel determined that, when used as directed, acetaminophen alone, NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) alone or acetaminophen in combination with NSAIDS can effectively manage a child's pain after a tooth extraction or during a toothache when dental care is not immediately available. According to the guideline, when acetaminophen or NSAIDs are administered as directed by a dentist or other health care provider, the risk of harm to children from either medication is low. These recommendations align with previous guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, which contraindicated the use of codeine and tramadol in children under age 12. In 2020, the FDA awarded the University of Pittsburgh and ADASRI a $1.5 million grant to develop a clinical practice guideline for the management of acute pain in dentistry in children, adolescents and adults. A group of researchers and methodologists from ADASRI, the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, CIGOH, McMaster University and the Art of Democracy worked together to develop this pediatric patient guideline as well as one for adolescents, adults, and older adults, which published in February 2024. Both guidelines can be found at ada.org/painmanagement. Contact: Beth Adams, [email protected] SOURCE PENN DENTAL MEDICINE WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

26 Nov 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

Intelligent Bio Solutions Achieves 94.1% Accuracy in Method Comparison Study, Following Positive PK Study Results

Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System on path to FDA 510(k) submission, expected in the fourth calendar quarter of 2024 INBS will include data from recent PK study alongside results of method comparison study in 510(k) submission NEW YORK, Nov. 26, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (Nasdaq: INBS) (“INBS” or the “Company”), a medical technology company delivering intelligent, rapid, non-invasive testing solutions, today announced the successful completion of its method comparison study (the “Method Study”) on its Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System (the “System”). The Method Study confirmed the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and usability of the System, validating its potential for use in workplace drug testing and other applications. This milestone follows INBS’ recently announced strong initial results from its Pharmacokinetic (PK) study, both of which are key achievements on the path to the Company’s FDA 510(k) submission. The Method Study was conducted in collaboration with CenExel, a nationwide clinical research site network. It adhered to clinical research standards, including Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The Method Study's primary objective was to compare the results of fingerprint sweat opiate screening tests with those obtained using a validated, traceable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in a laboratory. With a diverse group of 135 healthy donors and nine system operators, the Method Study demonstrated 82.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 94.1% accuracy for the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System. Operators found the System easy to use, with no usage errors generated during the course of the study. “The results of our Method Study reaffirm the accuracy and reliability of our fingerprint-based drug screening system,” said Harry Simeonidis, President and CEO at Intelligent Bio Solutions. “By establishing alignment with laboratory-confirmed results through rigorous testing, we have solidified our drug screening system’s credibility for use in safety-critical industries and beyond. This accomplishment is a significant step on our journey toward transforming drug testing with non-invasive technology.” The Method Study evaluated the System’s three core components: the Drug Screening Cartridge, the Drug Screening Reader and the Fingerprint Collection Kit for laboratory analysis. Subjects were randomized and administered codeine doses, then provided fingerprint sweat specimens to assess the System's ability to detect and quantify drug use accurately. The Method Study’s outcomes highlight the System’s reliability, reinforcing its suitability for pre-employment and workplace drug testing applications. If FDA 510(k) clearance were obtained, INBS believes that this would pave the way for the Company to introduce its innovative fingerprint sweat-based drug screening technology to the US market in 2025. As part of the Company's 510(k) submission, which is expected in the fourth calendar quarter of this year, INBS will include data from its recently concluded PK study alongside the results of its Method Study. The Company's clinical study achievements show the accuracy, reliability, and usability of its technology and reinforce the Company's readiness to address the growing demand for drug testing in the US across safety-critical industries such as construction, mining, and transportation, as well as in the law enforcement, drug rehabilitation, and forensic sectors. About Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (NASDAQ: INBS) is a medical technology company delivering innovative, rapid, non-invasive testing solutions. The Company believes that its Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System will revolutionize portable testing through fingerprint sweat analysis, which has the potential for broader applications in additional fields. Designed as a hygienic and cost-effective system, the test screens for the recent use of drugs commonly found in the workplace, including opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis. With sample collection in seconds and results in under ten minutes, this technology would be a valuable tool for employers in safety-critical industries. The Company’s current customer segments outside the US include construction, manufacturing and engineering, transport and logistics firms, drug treatment organizations, and coroners. For more information, visit: http://www.ibs.inc/ Forward-Looking Statements Some of the statements in this release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, without limitation, Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.’s ability to successfully develop and commercialize its drug and diagnostic tests, realize commercial benefit from its partnerships and collaborations, and secure regulatory approvals, among others. Although Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, expectations may prove to have been materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. has attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology, including “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “projects,” “intends,” “potential,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, included in Intelligent Bio Solutions’ public filings filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements contained in this release speak only as of its date. Intelligent Bio Solutions undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release to reflect events or circumstances occurring after its date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Company Contact:Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.info@ibs.incLinkedIn | Twitter Investor & Media Contact:Valter Pinto, Managing DirectorKCSA Strategic CommunicationsPH: (212) 896-1254INBS@kcsa.com

Clinical Result

13 Nov 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

Intelligent Bio Solutions Announces Positive Results of PK Study, a Key Milestone on Path to FDA 510(k) Submission

PK Study Successfully Demonstrates that Fingerprint Sweat Provides Reliable Sample for Drug Detection FDA 510(k) Clearance Would Enable the Introduction of INBS’ Technology to the US in 2025 NEW YORK, Nov. 13, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (Nasdaq: INBS) ("INBS" or the "Company"), a medical technology company delivering intelligent, rapid, non-invasive testing solutions, today announced strong initial results from its Pharmacokinetic (PK) study required for an FDA 510(k) submission. The data from the PK study shows that fingerprint sweat mimics the rate and extent of codeine in blood and saliva. The study successfully demonstrated that fingerprint sweat provides a reliable sample matrix for drug detection, showing quantitative PK data closely aligned to blood, based on statistical comparisons made at the 95% confidence level. "The close correlation of PK parameters in fingerprint sweat and blood highlights its robustness as a sampling approach. While independent data has consistently supported this, our clinical study further reinforces these findings,” said Harry Simeonidis, President and CEO of Intelligent Bio Solutions. “We are very pleased with the PK study results. This data highlights the potential for our technology to achieve widespread adoption in safety-critical industries and beyond, marking a significant achievement as we advance toward FDA clearance in the United States." FDA 510(k) clearance would enable INBS to introduce its innovative drug screening technology to the US market in 2025. The PK study results and other clinical data from the Company's clinical study plan will be submitted as part of the Company's 510(k) submission, expected in the fourth calendar quarter of this year. INBS is well-positioned to meet the increasing demand for drug testing in the United States, particularly in safety-critical industries like construction, mining, and transportation, as well as in law enforcement, drug rehabilitation, and forensic sectors. Results: Average Codeine Values in Whole Blood, Oral Fluid and Fingerprint Sweat1 The study results show that fingerprint sweat is a strong indicator of codeine ingestion. They further validate the ability of INBS' method to provide rapid and reliable drug screening through a simple fingerprint sweat sample without invasive procedures. The PK study, conducted in partnership with Cliantha Research, required a minimum of 36 subjects. The Company successfully recruited 39 healthy adult subjects from diverse backgrounds, including varying genders, ages, and ethnicities. The study compared the levels of opiates detected in fingerprint sweat with those found in blood, oral fluid, and urine samples following the medically supervised administration of codeine. All fingerprint sweat specimens collected using INBS' Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System, were analyzed by a validated, traceable liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, widely accepted as the gold standard for such studies. About Intelligent Bio Solutions Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (NASDAQ: INBS) is a medical technology company delivering innovative, rapid, non-invasive testing solutions. The Company believes that its Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System will revolutionize portable testing through fingerprint sweat analysis, which has the potential for broader applications in additional fields. Designed as a hygienic and cost-effective system, the test screens for the recent use of drugs commonly found in the workplace, including opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis. With sample collection in seconds and results in under ten minutes, this technology would be a valuable tool for employers in safety-critical industries. The Company’s current customer segments outside the US include construction, manufacturing and engineering, transport and logistics firms, drug treatment organizations, and coroners. For more information, visit: http://www.ibs.inc/ Forward-Looking Statements Some of the statements in this release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, without limitation, Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.'s ability to successfully develop and commercialize its drug and diagnostic tests, realize commercial benefit from its partnerships and collaborations, and secure regulatory approvals, among others. Although Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, expectations may prove to have been materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. has attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology, including "believes," "estimates," "anticipates," "expects," "plans," "projects," "intends," "potential," "may," "could," "might," "will," "should," "approximately" or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, included in Intelligent Bio Solutions' public filings filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements contained in this release speak only as of its date. Intelligent Bio Solutions undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this release to reflect events or circumstances occurring after its date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Company Contact: Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.info@ibs.incLinkedIn | Twitter Investor & Media Contact: Valter Pinto, Managing DirectorKCSA Strategic CommunicationsPH: (212) 896-1254INBS@kcsa.com 1 Urine results are not included in this chart. Due to the nature of urine sample collection, which depends on an individual's need to urinate, samples cannot be collected at fixed intervals. Therefore, urine specimens were collected on an ad-lib basis as frequently as possible. A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/6806ebb4-b738-4c65-b0a0-e6a4c1dc9626

Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Codeine Sulfate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D03580	Codeine Sulfate	R05DA04	DB00318

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain	United States	Hikma Pharmaceuticals International Ltd.	16 Jul 2009

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain, Procedural	Phase 1	United States	Roxane Laboratories, Inc.	01 Apr 2012

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03173456 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Musculoskeletal Pain \| Acute Pain	600	400 ibuprofen/APAP (400 Ibuprofen/APAP)	kknadwuaol(huoiehqggg) = mrauklrwsu grchibsdjz (cfyabuvsng, ntklryoxfy - kavcdnfbhg) View more	-	01 Feb 2022
				800 ibuprofen/APAP (800 Ibuprofen/APAP)	kknadwuaol(huoiehqggg) = katmeufedt grchibsdjz (cfyabuvsng, pqymuntadi - hybibkhtth) View more
DDW2021	Not Applicable	-	-	Codeine (60 mg)	pzyixmsppk(wkpxizsrgm) = npxflyzbxc fxrckecjvv (wlqaugvzmo )	-	23 May 2021
				Placebo	pzyixmsppk(wkpxizsrgm) = lhdfpkfntc fxrckecjvv (wlqaugvzmo )
NCT02625753 (Pubmed \| Arq Bras Oftalmol)	Phase 3	Add-on	40	Codeine plus acetaminophen	lccsuhiiwl(othsukkcis) = No difference was observed in food intake symneorffw (bdpcjgwxfa ) View more	Positive	01 Jan 2021
				Placebo
EULAR2020	Not Applicable	Osteoarthritis	-	Tramadol	nifdqcfzkd(mepcctxjcb) = phtthpeopi svhlkbvapr (faxhgmkkbq ) View more	-	03 Jun 2020
				Codeine	nifdqcfzkd(mepcctxjcb) = xkyipnpljb svhlkbvapr (faxhgmkkbq ) View more
NCT02295280 (MAD, CTgov)	Not Applicable	Headache	70	Metoclopramide+Diphenhydramine (Metoclopramide IV & Diphenhydramine IV)	lnrwnmezjo(xftrqqqqaw) = sopxfhqopm usnddoatgf (dqzynvdbrq, puevtrjhzx - qhmgcuanhs)	-	02 Apr 2018
				Codeine (Codeine)	lnrwnmezjo(xftrqqqqaw) = qpnnaeczch usnddoatgf (dqzynvdbrq, dxgvwezfwt - awavbuuwat) View more
NCT01267136 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain \| Tonsillitis	84	acetaminophen+Codeine (Capital® With Codeine Suspension)	jzdzdzkscm(ozwgczujce) = nvroncalvm rtbekfyrsd (qfyttenwuv, vgwpbfonri - uzilbqloxv) View more	-	17 Apr 2014
				Tramadol suspension (Tramadol Suspension)	jzdzdzkscm(ozwgczujce) = dsieemlpmh rtbekfyrsd (qfyttenwuv, nyhrocetzr - xgnqwdjvzm) View more
ASCO2006	Not Applicable	Neoplasms	150	Codeine	(pfdoibtprx) = vulmtegomy ebqavsvval (hqfayubgif ) View more	Positive	20 Jun 2006

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