Request Demo

Last update 08 May 2025

Etorphine Hydrochloride

Last update 08 May 2025

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Etorphine

+ [2]

Target

Opioid receptors

Action

agonists

Mechanism

Opioid receptors agonists(Opioid receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Pain

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC25H34ClNO4

InChIKeyJNHPUZURWFYYHW-DTUSRQQPSA-N

CAS Registry13764-49-3

View All Structures (2)

100 Clinical Results associated with Etorphine Hydrochloride

100 Translational Medicine associated with Etorphine Hydrochloride

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Etorphine Hydrochloride

1,350

Literatures (Medical) associated with Etorphine Hydrochloride

10 Mar 2025·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Comparison Between Etorphine–Xylazine with or Without Butorphanol and Butorphanol–Azaperone–Medetomidine For the Anesthesia of Free-Ranging Musk Ox (Ovibos moschatus)

Article

Author: Delnatte, Pauline ; Lamglait, Benjamin ; Taillon, Joëlle ; Lair, Stéphane ; Brodeur, Vincent ; Van Driessche, Laura ; Côté, Steeve D ; Jalenques, Marion

Historically, free-ranging musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus) were anesthetized with potent opioids such as etorphine, which are often associated with marked respiratory depression. The goal of this study was to investigate alternatives to the etorphine-xylazine combination (EtXy) traditionally used in this species. First, the potential benefit of postinduction butorphanol administrations to musk oxen anesthetized with EtXy was assessed. Then, the use of butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM-II) as an alternative to the use of potent opioids for the immobilization of free-ranging musk oxen was evaluated. Eighty-nine musk oxen were ground darted with either a combination of EtXy (n = 52) or BAM-II (n = 37), and 10 animals from the EtXy group received an IM injection of butorphanol at 1 mg/mg of etorphine (EtXyB). Intranasal oxygen (1 L/100 kg per minute) was administered to all animals. Respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO₂), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂), and rectal temperature were compared between groups. Postinduction butorphanol injection was associated with a decrease in heart rate (P = 0.001) and increases in respiratory rate (P < 0.001), rectal temperature (P < 0.001) and SpO₂ (P < 0.001), but did not affect EtCO₂ (P = 0.069). Musk oxen anesthetized with BAM-II had a significantly lower EtCO₂ (P = 0.009) and heart rate (P = 0.009) compared with musk oxen anesthetized with EtXy or EtXyB, and a higher SpO₂ compared with animals anesthetized with EtXy (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between induction (P = 0.98) or recovery (P = 0.74) time for the three protocols used. This study provides evidence that postinduction butorphanol administration added to the etorphine-xylazine protocol can decrease respiratory depression. Additionally, BAM-II can be used as an affective drug combination to immobilize musk oxen in their natural environment.

01 Jan 2025·Conservation Physiology

Etorphine induces pathophysiology in immobilized white rhinoceros through sympathomimesis that is attenuated by butorphanol

Article

Author: Gleed, Robin D ; Zeiler, Gareth E ; Buss, Peter E ; Parry, Stephen A ; Tordiffe, Adrian S W ; Miller, Michele A ; Boesch, Jordyn M ; Viljoen, Francois ; Meyer, Leith C R ; Harvey, Brian H

AbstractWhite rhinoceros are a sentinel species for important ecosystems in southern Africa. Their conservation requires active management of their population, which, in turn, requires immobilization of individuals with an ultra-potent opioid such as etorphine. Unfortunately, when immobilized with etorphine, they develop severe hypoxaemia that may contribute to morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that (i) etorphine causes sympathetic upregulation that is responsible for physiological complications that produce hypoxaemia and (ii) butorphanol, a partial μ opioid agonist, mitigates sympathetic upregulation, thereby improving arterial oxygen content (CaO2) and delivery (DO2). Six subadult male white rhinoceros were administered two treatments in random order: etorphine-saline (ES) and etorphine-butorphanol (EB). After intramuscular etorphine (~2.6 μg kg−1), rhinoceros became recumbent (time 0 min [t0]) and were instrumented. Baseline data were collected at t30, butorphanol (0.026 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline was administered intravenously at t37, and data were collected again at t40 and t50. At baseline, plasma noradrenaline concentration was >40 ng ml−1, approximately twice that of non-immobilized rhinoceros (t test, P < 0.05); cardiac output (Qt, by thermodilution) and metabolic rate (VO2, by spirometry/indirect calorimetry) were greater than predicted allometrically (t test, P < 0.05), and pulmonary hypertension was present. After butorphanol, noradrenaline concentration remained greater than in non-immobilized rhinoceros; in EB, CaO2 was greater, while Qt, DO2, VO2, and pulmonary pressures were less than in ES (linear mixed effect model, all P < 0.05). Increased noradrenaline concentration with increased Qt and hypermetabolism supports etorphine-induced sympathetic upregulation. Butorphanol partly attenuated these effects, increasing CaO2 but reducing Qt and, thus, DO2. Since plasma noradrenaline concentration remained increased after butorphanol administration while Qt, DO2, and VO2 decreased, a pathway independent of plasma noradrenaline concentration might contribute to the cardiopulmonary and hypermetabolic effects of etorphine. Developing treatments to combat this sympathomimesis could reduce capture-related morbidity in white rhinoceros.

16 Dec 2024·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

EVALUATION OF ETORPHINE-MEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAMAZAPERONE FOR IMMOBILIZATION IN CAPTIVE PRONGHORN (ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA)

Article

Author: Pelchat, Jennifer ; Hech, Bruna ; Ambros, Barbara

Etorphine based immobilization protocols are reported to be effective in pronghorn; however, information on cardiorespiratory effects is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine, medetomidine, midazolam, and azaperone for immobilization in captive pronghorn. Additionally, the effects of endotracheal intubation and manual ventilation on cardiopulmonary variables were assessed. A combination of 5 mg etorphine, 10 mg medetomidine, 2.5 mg midazolam, and 5 mg azaperone was administered by hand or via dart to 10 pronghorn. Five pronghorn were endotracheally intubated once recumbent and manually ventilated. Oxygen at a flow of 6 L/min was supplemented to all animals. Induction and recovery times were recorded, and during recumbency vital parameters and arterial blood samples were collected. Time to lateral recumbency was 3.8 ± 1.25 min. Marked hypoxemia and hypercapnia was observed in both spontaneously breathing and manually ventilated pronghorn. Hypercapnia improved significantly in manually ventilated pronghorn compared to spontaneously breathing animals. All pronghorn recovered rapidly after reversal with 150 mg naltrexone and 30 mg atipamezole. Administration of etorphine, medetomidine, midazolam, and azaperone resulted in excellent chemical immobilization in pronghorn. Significant hypoxemia and hypercapnia occurred and oxygen supplementation, endotracheal intubation, and manual ventilation is recommended.

100 Deals associated with Etorphine Hydrochloride

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Etorphine Hydrochloride	N02	DB01497

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain	-	-	-

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

AI Agents Built for Biopharma Breakthroughs

Accelerate discovery. Empower decisions. Transform outcomes.

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis