Author: Hurtado, Cintia Batista ; Silva, Renata Reis da ; Silva, Samira Alves de Souza ; de Souza, Vanessa Lemos ; Moraes, Fabiane Pereira de ; Rovani, Monique Tomazele ; Pfeifer, Luiz Francisco Machado ; Gasperin, Bernardo Garziera ; Barbosa, Ingrid Pedraça ; Pegoraro, Lígia Margareth Cantarelli ; Andrade, André Cascalho ; Castro, Natalia Avila de

While GnRH induces the preovulatory LH surge, PGF2α triggers luteolysis and uterine contraction. Therefore, Lecirelin-Cloprostenol combination given at the end of the TAI protocol may improve fertility in cows. Eight studies evaluated a novel Lecirelin-Cloprostenol (GPG) fixed-dose combination for ovulation and fertility in Nelore cattle subjected to timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Initial experiments (Exp. 1, n = 28) showed GPG and GnRH induced earlier ovulation than PGF. In Exp. 2 (n = 25) and Exp. 4 (n = 17), the GPG protocol reduced the dispersion of ovulation timing compared to GnRH alone (Bartlett's test, P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, the GPG group had lower intrafollicular estradiol (P = 0.04) and higher PTGS2 gene expression (P = 0.05) compared to the GnRH group. Fertility outcomes varied: GPG tended (P = 0.1) to increase pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in postpartum cows (Exp. 5, n = 326) and improved ovulation rates when estradiol cypionate (EC) was used (Exp. 6, n = 17). While a large field study (Exp. 7, n = 948) showed no overall P/AI difference when the GPG treatment was given following estradiol cypionate. Finally, GPG and GnRH had similar P/AI (P = 0.3) in non-estrus cows (Exp. 8, n = 1692) compared to GnRH. In conclusion, GPG upregulated PTGS2 expression and decreased intrafollicular E2 concentrations in the ovulatory follicle relative to GnRH, providing a mechanistic basis for the improved ovulatory synchrony observed in GPG-treated cows. While the GPG formulation consistently reduced the dispersion of ovulation timing across experiments, effects on P/AI were marginal in the present study.

01 Aug 2026·Journal of the Endocrine Society

Aggrecan deficiency does not increase susceptibility to estrogen-induced growth plate senescence

Article

Author: Bendre, Ameya ; Ottosson, Lars ; Windahl, Sara H ; Nilsson, Ola ; Ohlsson, Claes ; Hadad, Henrique

Abstract:

In growing children, estrogen accelerates skeletal maturation, leading to advanced bone age, earlier growth cessation, and epiphyseal fusion. Children with heterozygous pathogenic variants in the aggrecan gene (ACAN) typically exhibit postnatal growth failure, advanced bone age, and premature growth cessation. To investigate whether accelerated skeletal maturation in aggrecan deficiency reflects increased sensitivity to estrogen-induced growth plate senescence, we used a mouse model carrying a heterozygous truncating variant in Acan (Acan+/−). Consistent with the human phenotype, these mice display postnatal growth failure and early growth cessation. Seven-week-old ovariectomized (OVX) wild-type and Acan+/− mice received weekly estradiol cypionate (0.15 µg/g) or vehicle treatment for 4 weeks. As expected, OVX reduced and estradiol increased uterine weights in both genotypes. In wild-type mice, estradiol treatment significantly reduced tibial growth and several structural markers of growth plate function. In Acan+/− mice, fewer parameters were significantly affected by estradiol treatment. Importantly, we found no evidence that aggrecan deficiency increases susceptibility to estrogen-induced growth plate senescence. These findings challenge the hypothesis that accelerated skeletal maturation in ACAN deficiency reflects heightened estrogen sensitivity and instead point to intrinsic abnormalities of growth plate cartilage as a driver of premature growth cessation.

01 Jun 2026·ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE

hCG is not an alternative to eCG in the TAI protocol in Bos indicus cows, but it increases the efficiency of TAI protocols in cows that do not show estrus

Article

Author: Carvalho, Laís Reis ; Ayres, Henderson ; Lemos, Lucas Araujo ; Teixeira, Leonardo ; Vicente, Matheus Pedroso ; de Souza, José Camisão ; de Sousa Sales, José Nélio ; Dos Reis, Kaio Batista ; Mingoti, Rodolfo Daniel ; Simões, Luiz Manoel Souza ; Vieira, Laís Mendes

The study evaluated the use of hCG at different times in the TAI protocol on the fertility of Bos indicus cows. In Experiment 1, cows received a progesterone device and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) on D0. The device was removed on D8.5 (study A) or D7 (study B), followed by 500 µg of cloprostenol and 1 mg of EB or estradiol cypionate. At this moment, cows were assigned to Control (no treatment), eCG (300 IU), or hCG (150 IU) groups. TAI occurred 36 h (A) or 48 h (B) post-device removal. In Experiment 2, in studies A and B, treatments [Control, GnRH (100 µg), or hCG (1000 IU)] were administered at TAI. In study C, cows received or did not receive 500, 800, or 1000 IU of hCG at TAI. In Experiment 1, cows of the control group had lower follicular growth (P < 0.01), and cows of the hCG group had greater estrus expression (P = 0.006) and early ovulation (P = 0.001). However, the cows of the hCG and control groups had lower P/AI (P = 0.01). In Experiment 2, cows of the hCG group had greater ovulation rates (P = 0.03) and pregnancy rates (P = 0.04). In study C, 1000 IU of hCG at TAI increased (tendency) the fertility (P = 0.07). In conclusion, hCG is not an effective alternative to eCG at device removal. However, 1000 IU of hCG at the time of insemination improves fertility in cows that did not express estrus.

News (Medical) associated with Estradiol Cypionate

21 Apr 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

ProRx Pharma Continues to Grow Operational Footprint, Triples Production Capacity to Support Demand for Compounded Medications

Facility Expansion, Automation Investments, and Workforce Additions Drive Growth EXTON, Pa., April 21, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- ProRx Pharma, the leading health and wellness 503B outsourcing facility, today announced a period of significant growth, including increased production capacity, a larger facility footprint, and expanded delivery capabilities into two new states, Oklahoma and Virginia, with additional states expected in the coming months. Over the past several months, ProRx has expanded its physical footprint from approximately 3,400 square feet to approximately 17,000 square feet. The space now includes additional clean rooms and specialized environments for sterile and non-sterile hazardous, and non-hazardous drug production with further buildouts underway. This expansion has directly supported a significant increase in production output. Monthly production has grown substantially since December, with additional increases expected in the coming months. "We've tripled production capacity in a relatively short period of time, but that growth is the result of deliberate investment," said Kurt Lunkwitz, chief operating officer at ProRx Pharma. "Our focus has been on building the infrastructure required to scale in a controlled way while maintaining quality and consistency across our operations." To support this growth, ProRx has made targeted investments in automation and quality systems. These include an AI-based visual inspection system designed to evaluate product consistency across large batches, as well as additional aseptic filling equipment to further expand capacity. In addition, the company is adding a sterile hazardous drug clean room to support the production of an expanded Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) portfolio. The company has also invested in voluntary training through the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA), including programs focused on visual inspection, aseptic technique, and quality systems, with internal trainers extending that knowledge across the organization. Workforce growth has followed alongside the operational investments with staffing approximately doubling in recent months. ProRx has added pharmacists, quality-control, and operational roles to support increased production demands, along with several corporate support staff in HR and IT. Looking forward, ProRx is preparing to expand its product portfolio with new injectable preparations that include Testosterone and Estradiol Cypionate, targeted for release in the coming months. About ProRx Pharma ProRx Pharma is an FDA-registered, cGMP 503B outsourcing facility committed to delivering compliant, high-quality compounded preparations to physician practices, medical clinics, and med spas across the country. With a focus on regulatory alignment, operational reliability, and customer service, ProRx partners with providers to support access to essential therapies. For more information, connect with ProRx on LinkedIn or visit . SOURCE ProRx Pharma 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

100 Deals associated with Estradiol Cypionate

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D04063	Estradiol Cypionate	G03CA03	DB13954

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Oestrogen deficiency	United States	Pfizer Inc.	15 Aug 1979

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