Author: Kamath, Adithi ; Kurapati, Rajendra ; Singh, N. Sadananda ; Banerjee, Sourav ; Lakavathu, Manikrishna ; Lalitha, Mahesh M. ; Sajimon, Jyothilakshmi ; Jayaraj, Arya ; Divakaran, Deepika ; Shaijumon, Manikoth M. ; Anil, Parvathy ; Yadav, Vipin

Infections associated with medical implants due to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are a serious problem, leading to acute health risks to patients by compromising their immune system. Therefore, suppressing biofilm formation on biomedical implants is a challenging task, especially for overcoming the drug resistance of bacterial biofilms. Herein, a synergistic efficient surface coating method was developed to inhibit biofilm formation on a model medical implant by combining the antimicrobial property of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with either 2D material graphene oxide (GO) or black phosphorus (BP) sheets using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. The multilayer coatings of TMC/GO and TMC/BP were optimized on the glass surface (a model implant) and characterized by using spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Next, we investigated the antibiofilm formation properties of the TMC/GO and TMC/BP coatings on glass surfaces against both Gram-negative, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Gram-positive, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), bacteria. The antibiofilm formation was studied using crystal violet (CV) and live/dead assays. Both the live/dead and the CV assays confirmed that the TMC/2D material (2DM)-coated surfaces prevented biofilm formation much more effectively compared to the uncoated surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the bacteria were affected physically by incubating with TMC/2DM-coated surfaces due to membrane perturbation, thereby preventing cell attachment and biofilm formation. Further, BP composite coatings (TMC/BP) showed a much better ability to thwart biofilm formation than GO composite coatings (TMC/GO). Also, multilayer coatings showed superior cytocompatibility with human foreskin fibroblast (HFF). Our results demonstrate that the developed coatings TMC/2DMs could be potential candidates for thwarting biofilm formation on medical implants.

01 Sep 2024·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Ambient air pollution decreased normal fertilization rate via the mediation of seminal prosaposin

Article

Author: Chen, Kaijie ; Jiang, Xiaoming ; Liu, Zhenfang ; Gao, Peng ; Cai, Jiali ; Liu, Lanlan ; Ren, Jianzhi ; Pan, Luxiang

OBJECTIVEThis study focuses on the association between seminal concentration of prosaposin and ambient air pollutants and whether the association affects the normal fertilization rate in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.METHODSThe cohort of 323 couple participants aged 22-46 was recruited from Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2018. At enrollment, resident address information was obtained and semen parameters of male counterparts were evaluated according to WHO criteria. We used inverse distance weighting interpolation to estimate the levels of ambient pollutants (SO₂, O₃, CO, NO₂, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) in the surrounding area. The exposure of each participant was estimated based on the data gathered from air quality monitoring stations and their home address over various periods (0-9, 10-14, and 0-90 days) before semen sampling. The generalized linear regression model (GLM) and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to analyze the associations between pollutants, semen parameters, prosaposin, and normal fertilization. Additionally, the mediating effect of prosaposin and semen parameters on the link between pollutants and normal fertilization was investigated.RESULTSGLM and BKMR showed exposure to ambient air pollutants was all associated with the concentration of seminal prosaposin, among them, O₃ and CO were also associated with normal fertilization (-0.10, 95 %CI: -0.13, -0.06; -26.43, 95 %CI: -33.79, -19.07). Among the semen parameters, only the concentration of prosaposin and total motile sperm count (TMC) was associated with normal fertilization (0.059, 95 %CI: 0.047, 0.071; 0.016, 95 %CI: 0.012, 0.020). Mediation analysis showed that prosaposin played a stronger mediating role than TMC in the relationship between short-term exposure to O₃ and fertilization (66.83 %, P<0.001 versus 3.05 %, P>0.05).CONCLUSIONSeminal plasma prosaposin showed a stronger meditating effect reflect the correlation between ambient air pollutants and normal fertilization rate than conventional semen parameters, which may be used as one of the indicators between pollution and fertilization in IVF.

01 Aug 2024·Journal of Food Science

In‐package cold atmospheric plasma processing for shelf‐life extension of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets

Article

Author: Koutinas, Apostolis ; Spanou, Aikaterini ; Tsironi, Theofania ; Tzamarias, Alexios Efstathios ; Ladakis, Dimitrios

AbstractIn‐package cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) processing, which refers to the generation of CAP inside a sealed package, enables a local disinfecting reaction, allowing no post‐process contamination and extending the shelf‐life (SL) of perishable food products, such as fresh fish. In the present study, four in‐package CAP treatments, differing in frequency and processing time, were applied on fresh gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets, prepacked in low‐permeability pouches. Fish SL was evaluated during isothermal storage at 2°C, whereas untreated packaged fillets were used as control samples. The SL assessment of the fish fillets was based on microbial enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic count (TMC), total aerobic psychrotrophic count (TPC), Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pH measurement, determination of color and texture parameters, lipid oxidation, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) measurement, and sensory evaluation. All CAP treatments were effective against microbial inhibition in fish fillets, especially regarding TMC, TPC, and Pseudomonas spp., resulting in maximum reduction of 1.49, 1.24, and 1.43 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to the control samples after 16 days of storage. However, minor effect was observed against Enterobacteriaceae and no effect against LAB. CAP processing did not affect the color and texture parameters of fish fillets, and TVB‐N production was slightly reduced in CAP‐treated samples; however, lipid oxidation was accelerated, especially at the more intense processing conditions, by a maximum of 75.5%. The results of the study indicated that in‐package CAP processing could be effectively applied for inhibiting spoilage during refrigerated storage and extending SL of fresh fish fillets.Practical ApplicationIn‐package cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) processing was tested on gilthead seabream fillets, a highly perishable product with high commercial potential if its shelf‐life can be extended through minimal processing. The food industry could benefit from in‐package CAP technology as it is a cost effective nonthermal processing method while preventing post‐processing contamination of the products. Although in‐package CAP processing has not been extensively tested on fish, this study examined the quality and shelf‐life of a highly perishable fish species, and the results could be further used as a reference for processing optimization of the CAP treatments.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hearing Loss	Preclinical	US	Harvard Medical School	08 Jul 2015

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