Hx-001

University of Wisconsin (UW) solution continues to be the most commonly used solution for intra-abdominal organs. However, it is expensive. Therefore, we have formulated HuaXi-1 (HX-1) solution. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of HX-1 solution compared to UW, Collins 2, and hypertonic citrate solutions on intra-abdominal organs.

The effects of HX-1 solution for all intra-abdominal organ preservation were studied in a noncirculated, isolated, perfused rat liver model, in rat pancreas isografts in diabetic rats, and in a kidney autotransplant model. The effects were investigated by measuring hepatic tissue water content, sinusoidal lining cell mortality, Krebs-Henseleits perfusate, aspartate aminotransferase, the number of livers secreting bile during isolated perfusion, blood glucose, glucose tolerance tests, serum insulin of the rat pancreas-transplant recipients, the maximum serum creatinine levels, kidney graft survival rates, and observing the morphological changes in liver, pancreas, and kidneys.

HX-1 solution preserved rat liver well for 24 hours as effectively as UW, rat pancreas as well for 48 hours, and dog kidney as well for 72 hours.

The experimental findings indicated that HX-1 solution was effective to preserve all intra-abdominal organs; it may simplify cold storage of organs for transplantation.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids, Ab2s) were prepared by immunizing rabbits with two murine monoclonal antibodies (Ab1) having specificities for two independent haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes on JE virus [viz., Hs-1, monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Hx-1, MAb common to flaviviruses]. Anti-Hs-1 (S-Ab2) and Anti-Hx-1 (X-Ab2) reacted specifically with the immunizing Ab1. In addition, they could react with other MAbs whose reactivity was similar to their immunizing homologous Ab1. The paratope inhibition assay indicated that both anti-idiotypes recognized paratope related idiotopes on their respective Ab1 and could therefore be designated as Ab2 beta. Experimental animals (Swiss mice, Balb/c mice and guineapigs) immunized with S-Ab2 or X-Ab2 produced anti-JE virus antibodies (Ab3) which could be detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests. The anti-idiotypes were also found to stimulate a cellular immune response in vitro as assessed by 3H thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes from JE vaccinated individuals and experimentally immunized Balb/c mice. The findings of the present study suggest that both the anti-Id antibodies are homobodies which may act as surrogate antigens to manipulate the immune response against JEV.