Delving into the Latest Updates on Acepromazine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

1-[10-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-10H-phenothiazin-2-yl]-ethanone, 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazin-3-yl methyl ketone, 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine-3-ethylone

+ [5]

Target

DRDs

Mechanism

DRDs antagonists(Dopamine receptors antagonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication

Behavioural disorders

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure

Molecular FormulaC19H22N2OS

InChIKeyNOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry61-00-7

Dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg kg^-1) and morphine (0.5 mg kg^-1), followed by an intravenous (IV) bolus of saline or MgSO₄ (50 mg kg^-1 over 15 minutes) and propofol (given to effect to induce anesthesia). Anesthesia was maintained with an IV propofol infusion (beginning at 0.3 mg kg^-1 minute^-1, adjusted as necessary). Concurrently, one of three IV infusions were administered: GS (0.9% NaCl), GM30 (MgSO₄, 30 mg kg^-1 hour^-1) or GM80 (MgSO₄, 80 mg kg^-1 hour^-1). Propofol induction and maintenance doses were recorded. The following variables were recorded at baseline (T0), after bolus treatment (T1), after beginning mechanical ventilation (T5) and every 15 minutes until the end of the procedure (T15-T120): mean arterial pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of CO₂, temperature, blood gas variables, indirect calorimetry and extubation time. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS:

Propofol induction bolus dose was lower in GM30 (31.2%, p = 0.04) and GM80 (38.9%, p = 0.003) than in GS. The maintenance propofol infusion rate in GM80 was 16.9% lower (p = 0.03), resulting in fewer propofol CRI rescues during the perioperative period. GM30 and GM80 exhibited faster extubation times than GS (46.2%, p = 0.002 and 48.9%, p = 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Infusion of a 50 mg kg^-1 bolus, followed by CRI of MgSO₄ (30 and 80 mg kg^-1 hour^-1), reduces the propofol induction and maintenance (CRI) requirement, maintaining cardiorespiratory stability and reducing the time required to extubation.

01 Nov 2024·Veterinary Medicine and Science

Effects of acepromazine, xylazine and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs

Article

Author: Kazemi Mehrjerdi, Hossein ; Sarchahi, Ali Asghar ; Sheykhbahaedinzade, Ali

Abstract:

Background:

In the neurological examination, it is crucial to identify the possible location of the lesion in order to determine the appropriate treatment process. In aggressive animals, chemical restraint may be necessary due to their non‐cooperative behaviour. However, sedatives may distort the results of examinations. Therefore, a drug should be found that has minimal impact on the examination results.

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of acepromazine, xylazine, and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.

Methods:

In a randomized, blinded study, ten native adult mixed‐breed dogs were participated in three groups with a 1‐week washout period between each group. Before performing each step, the spinal reflexes were evaluated. Then, in the first group, acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM), in the second group, xylazine (1 mg/kg, IM), and in the third group, propofol (3 mg/kg, IV for initial bolus and 0.1 mg/kg/min for maintenance) were injected for sedation. The spinal reflexes were reevaluated at maximum sedation and at 15, 30, and 45 min thereafter.

Results:

Acepromazine increased the patellar reflex and decreased the panniculus reflex. Xylazine increased the cranial tibial reflex and decreased the panniculus reflex, while propofol decreased the withdrawal, and extensor carpi radialis reflexes, and suppressed the palpebral and gag reflexes.

Conclusions:

The drugs used in the present study did not have a significant impact on the most important reflexes evaluated in neurological examinations. Among the drugs, acepromazine has the least effects compared to other drugs, making it a suitable choice for sedation.

01 Nov 2024·AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH

Transpulmonary cardiac output with room temperature saline is accurate and tracks directional changes in anesthetized dogs

Article

Author: Martin-Flores, Manuel ; Cannarozzo, Cheyenne J. ; Araos, Joaquin

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the performance of transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) using room-temperature saline (CORT) and waveform-derived continuous CO (CCO) compared with TPTD using iced saline (COICED) as the indicator for measurements of CO in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

METHODS:

8 Beagles aged 1 to 2 years (7.4 to 11.2 kg) were enrolled in this experimental study from March 21 to 31, 2023. Dogs were anesthetized with 0.01 mg/kg acepromazine, 5 to 6 mg/kg propofol, and isoflurane and were mechanically ventilated. Dogs were instrumented with a central venous catheter and a femoral arterial catheter equipped with a thermistor. The COICED, CORT, and pulse wave-derived CCO values were obtained at baseline, during infusions of phenylephrine and norepinephrine, and during blood withdrawal and replacement. Data were analyzed with a mixed effect model, Bland-Altman plots, and concordance. Percent error was calculated. P < .05 was used for significance.

RESULTS:

Data were collected from 8 dogs. Significant effects of time and the interaction of time and method were found. Bland-Altman plots showed negligible bias with limits of agreement between −0.35 and 0.25 L/min for CORT versus COICED and −1.23 and 1.15 L/min for CCO versus COICED. Percent errors were 17.7% and 66.6%, respectively. In the 4-quadrant plots, the concordance rate was 95% and 68% for measurements obtained with CORT and for CCO, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Transpulmonary thermodilution using room temperature saline was accurate and able to track changes in CO. Continuous CO had a large percent error and low tracking ability.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Transpulmonary thermodilution using room temperature saline is reliable for monitoring CO and obviates the need for iced preparations in clinical scenarios.

100 Deals associated with Acepromazine

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