Delving into the Latest Updates on Acepromazine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

1-[10-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-10H-phenothiazin-2-yl]-ethanone, 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazin-3-yl methyl ketone, 10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine-3-ethylone

+ [5]

Target

DRDs

Action

antagonists

Mechanism

DRDs antagonists(Dopamine receptors antagonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System Diseases

Active Indication

Behavioural disorders

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC19H22N2OS

InChIKeyNOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry61-00-7

Ultrasonography is a widely used diagnostic imaging technique in veterinary medicine and has gaining ground in wild animal medicine. This case series describes the ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal organs and testicles in eleven adult captive crab-eating foxes ( Cerdocyon thous ) from the Brazilian Cerrado. All animals were considered clinically healthy based on physical examination and laboratory testing, including complete blood count and serum biochemistry. The animals were sedated with meperidine, acepromazine and propofol prior to ultrasonographic examination. The urinary bladder lumen was anechoic and homogeneous, with a mean wall thickness of 0.17 cm. The prostate was visualized caudal to the bladder, with mean length and height of 1.61 cm and 1.21 cm, respectively. The spleen showed homogeneous hyperechoic parenchyma with a mean thickness of 1.20 cm. Kidneys demonstrated well-defined corticomedullary differentiation, with mean lengths of 4.08 cm (left) and 4.15 cm (right). The liver displayed smooth margins, uniform echotexture, and intermediate echogenicity relative to the spleen and renal cortex. The gallbladder appeared as an anechoic structure with a mean wall thickness of 0.10 cm. The stomach wall measured 0.24 cm, intestinal wall thickness averaged 0.35 cm in the small intestine and 0.15 cm in the large intestine. Testicles displayed an oval shape with homogeneous echotexture and a visible mediastinum testis. Overall, the sonographic features observed were consistent with those reported in domestic dogs. These results aid to establishing reference ultrasonographic parameters for Cerdocyon thous and may facilitate clinical evaluation and diagnostic imaging in this species.

01 Aug 2026·ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Optimizing extraction and concentration methods for LC-MS/MS analysis of veterinary pharmaceuticals in equine-associated environmental matrices

Article

Author: Camotti Bastos, Marília ; Feuillade-Cathalifaud, Geneviève ; Lissalde, Sophie ; Pallier, Virginie ; El Abbadi, Ibrahim

This study developed a method for the simultaneous quantification of six potentially environmentally toxic veterinary drugs: benzylpenicillin, acepromazine, flunixin, dexamethasone, ketamine and romifidine, in soils, sediments, equine feces and natural waters. Three methods were compared for their extraction from solid matrices: Ultrasonic extraction (USE), QuEChERS and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). ASE method was optimized according to temperature and extraction cycles. Quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS. LC and MS parameters were optimized. The method was validated according to French Standard NF T 90-210. Calibration curves exhibited r² ≥ 0.97 from 1 to 100 µg.L^-1. Accuracy was within ± 30%, at 5, 10 and 50 µg.L^-1, except for flunixin at the lowest concentrations. Limit of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 2 µg.L^-1. Both USE and optimized ASE methods provided the highest recoveries, from 20.6% to 115.3% depending on the matrix. This method is suitable for monitoring equine pharmaceutical residues in environmental matrices.

01 Aug 2026·VETERINARY JOURNAL

Hemodynamic responses to intravenous maropitant in anesthetized dogs depend on premedication protocol

Article

Author: Soto-López, María Victoria ; Altónaga, José R ; Callejas-Astiz, Uxue ; Millán, Lorena ; Regueiro-Purriños, Marta ; Rubial-Aller, Raquel

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of intravenous maropitant in dogs under general anaesthesia premedicated with dexmedetomidine or acepromazine.

STUDY DESIGN:

Prospective randomized clinical study.

ANIMALS:

Twenty-six healthy Spanish Greyhounds.

METHODS:

Dogs were randomly premedicated with dexmedetomidine (DEX; 4 μg/kg) or acepromazine (ACP; 20 μg/kg), both combined with methadone (0.3 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and midazolam and maintained with sevoflurane. Once a stable anesthetic plane was achieved, maropitant (1 mg/kg IV) or saline was administered, resulting in four groups: DEX-M, ACP-M, DEX-C, and ACP-C. Invasive arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean) and heart rate were recorded at baseline and for 20 min after administration. Changes over time were analyzed and compared with baseline values using the Friedman test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS:

In the DEX-M group, diastolic arterial pressure decreased significantly at 2 min, accompanied by a transient increase in heart rate. In the ACP-M group, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures decreased significantly at 2 min, also with an increase in heart rate. Clinically relevant hypotension (mean arterial pressure 51 ± 7 mmHg) occurred only in ACP-M dogs. All changes were transient.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intravenous maropitant administration appears to be hemodynamically well tolerated in healthy dogs under general anesthesia premedicated with dexmedetomidine. In contrast, when acepromazine is used for premedication, maropitant administration results in more pronounced hemodynamic effects, including clinically relevant hypotension. These findings suggest that alternative routes of administration should be considered in the perioperative setting.

100 Deals associated with Acepromazine

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