Microbial synergy between Pichia kudriazevii YS201 and Bacillus subtilis BS38 improves pulp degradation and aroma production in cocoa pulp simulation medium

Article

Author: Dudley, Edward G ; Ouattara, Honoré G ; Elias, Ryan J

Interactions between two major microorganisms from Ivorian cocoa fermentation, namely Bacillus subtilis BS38 and Pichia kudriazevii YS201, were investigated during fermentation in cocoa pulp simulation medium. The strains were mutually inhibitory, with Bacillus being more susceptible to this antagonistic effect than Pichia. However, both strains yielded different pulp-degrading enzymes, namely polygalacturonase (PG) from Pichia and pectate lyase (Pel) from Bacillus, that cooperate to efficiently breakdown pectin and vegetable pulp. The quantification of aromas from microbial cultures using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) coupled with headspace microextration (SPME) method, showed that P. kudriazevii produce mainly alcohols such as ethanol (63.165 g/L), phenylethanol (1.005 g/L), methylbutanol (0.138 g/L) and esters, notably ethyl acetate (0.037 g/L) and isoamyl acetate (0.032 g/L). The volatile fraction produced by Bacillus was dominated by butanediol (5.707 g/L), acetoin (1.933 g/L), phenylethanol (0.035 g/L) and acetic acid (0.034 g/L). In co-culture, Bacillus produced low levels of aroma compounds whereas a moderate decrease in the production of these compounds was observed in the yeasts strain. Thus, the dominant aromas present in the co-culture were mainly those from the yeasts strain; however, a 1.37 fold increase of ethanol production was observed in co-culture indicating a synergy between the strains. This study showed that cooperation between B. subtilis BS38 and P. kudriazevii YS201 leads principally to increasing pulp degradation and ethanol production, known as desirable properties for a well processing of cocoa fermentation.

01 Mar 1995·Arzneimittel-Forschung

Experimental studies on the toxicity of diperdipine following oral and parenteral application.

Article

Author: Leuschner, J ; Herzog, R

Diperdipine (ethyl-(beta-piperidinoethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-4- (3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, CAS 149543-07-7), a new calcium antagonist, will be used for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and dysrhythmic conditions. The studies conducted were carried out to evaluate the risk following oral and intravenous application of diperdipine. In accordance with the administration route envisaged for man the drug was applied by oral and intravenous administration. Studies were performed on the acute and subchronic toxicity, local tolerance and mutagenic potential. The single application of diperdipine to mice and rats by gavage caused intolerance reactions starting at the lowest tested dose level of 200 mg/kg b.w. p.o. (mice) and at 250 mg/kg b.w. p.o. (rats). After single intravenous injection intolerance reactions occurred starting at the lowest tested dose level of 10 mg/kg b.w. for mice and rats. The test substance proved to be only mildly toxic after repeated (up to 3 months) oral administration. In the rat, toxic effects occurred from 15 mg diperdipine/kg b.w./day p.o. onwards. Target organ is the liver with a miliary/submiliary hepatocellular necrosis. No mutagenic potential was observed. The therapeutic index (ratio of the toxic dose in animals and the therapeutic human dose) for oral administration of diperdipine is at least 20, for i.v. administration at least 40 depending on animal species, frequency of administration, dose levels employed and the toxicological question posed.

01 Apr 1992·American Heart JournalQ2 · MEDICINE

Synergistic action of postextrasystolic potentiation and diperdipine on left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in coronary heart disease

Q2 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Fabio Fantini ; Giuseppe Barletta ; Marisa Di Donato ; Costanza Burgisser ; Niccolò Marchionni ; Mauro Maioli

The effects on left ventricular function of postextrasystolic potentiation and the dihydropyridinic calcium antagonist diperdipine, alone or in combination, were studied in 14 patients with coronary heart disease by means of two consecutive left ventricular angiographies. To ensure the reproducibility of coupling intervals of the extrasystolic and postextrasystolic beats, the heart was paced during both angiographies. Results showed that postextrasystolic potentiation and diperdipine improved left ventricular ejection fraction to the same degree, but the mechanisms of such an improvement were different and consisted, respectively, of a positive inotropic effect associated with an increase in preload and a slight increase in preload coupled with a marked decrease in afterload. Diperdipine did not abolish the inotropic component of postextrasystolic potentiation, and a combination of the two interventions had additive effects on the improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion analyzed by the centerline method. Ventricular segments that were normokinetic or hypokinetic during the control basal cycle responded equally to postextrasystolic potentiation and to diperdipine, whereas the former intervention alone had no significant effect on akinetic segments. Diperdipine restored the responsiveness of akinetic segments to postextrasystolic potentiation, a finding that, although it remains to be confirmed by independent techniques, may be interpreted as a possible consequence of improved calcium metabolism or coronary flow in ischemic but still viable myocardium. However, it is concluded that the calcium antagonist revealed a contractile reserve in most of the severely asynergic areas, which would have otherwise been judged to be irreversibly damaged on the basis of the unresponsiveness to postextrasystolic potentiation alone.

100 Deals associated with Diperdipine

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Angina Pectoris	Phase 2	FR	Sir International	-

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis


No Data

Diperdipine

Overview

Basic Info

Structure

Related

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Deal

Core Patent

Clinical Trial

Approval

Regulation