This study investigates some of the mechanisms by which bradykinin (BK) triggers contraction of epithelium-denuded strips of guinea pig trachea (GPT). Cumulative or single additions of BK, T-BK, L-BK, or ML-BK in the presence of captopril (30 µM) produced graded GPT contractions with the following rank order of potency (EC50level): T-BK (31.3 nM) > BK (40.0 nM) > L-BK (56.0 nM) > ML-BK (77.0 nM). BK-induced contraction (100 nM) in GPT was completely inhibited by either HOE 140 or NPC 17731 with mean IC50values of 17 and 217 nM, respectively. Addition of BK (100 nM) at 30 min intervals, induced progressive tachyphylaxis, which was complete after 4 h. The tachyphylaxis induced by BK was unaffected by L-NOARG (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 100 µM) or valeryl salicylate (a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, 30 µM), but was prevented by a low concentration of indomethacin, diclofenac (non-selective COX inhibitors, 3 nM each) or by NS 398 (a COX-2 inhibitor, 10 nM). Furthermore, higher concentrations of indomethacin, diclofenac, phenidone (a lypooxygenase (LOX) and COX inhibitor), or NS 398, caused graded inhibition of BK-induced contraction, with mean IC50values of 0.28, 0.08, 46.37, and 0.15 µM, respectively. Together, these results suggest that BK-induced contraction in GPT involves activation of B2receptors and release of prostanoids from COX-2 pathway. Furthermore, the tachyphylaxis induced by BK was insensitive to the nitric oxide and COX-1 inhibitors, but was prevented by non-selective and selective COX-2 inhibitors, indicating a mediation via COX-2-derived arachidonic acid metabolites.Key words: guinea pig trachea, bradykinin, B2receptors, desensitization, prostaglandins.

01 May 2001·International ImmunopharmacologyQ2 · MEDICINE

Functional studies of bradykinin receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the human B2 bradykinin receptor

Q2 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Ellen E Codd ; Timothy W Lovenberg ; Sui-Po Zhang ; Hoau-Yan Wang

Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors, members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, are involved in inflammation and pain. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the human B2 bradykinin receptor (CHO-B2) were used to characterize the signal transduction pathways associated with this receptor and its regulation. The selective B2 antagonist [3H]NPC17731 but not the selective B1 antagonist [3,4-prolyl-3,4-(3)H(N)]-[des-Arg10,Leu9]kallidin ([3H]DALKD) bound to CHO-B2 cell membranes with a Kd of 0.77 nM and a Bmax of 1087 fmol/mg protein. [3H]NPC17731 binding was inhibited by bradykinin ligands in the order: NPC17731 > bradykinin > kallidin >> DALKD > [des-Arg10] kallidin (DAKD), consistent with the pharmacological profile of B2 bradykinin receptors. The B2 agonist bradykinin and the B1/B2 agonist kallidin, but not the B1 agonist DAKD, increased [35S]GTP gamma S binding to the CHO-B2 cell membranes. The B2 bradykinin receptors were co-immunoprecipitated with G alpha q/11. In response to bradykinin stimulation, coupling of the B2 receptors to G alpha q/11 was increased by 10-fold. Bradykinin and kallidin, but not DAKD, induced intracellular calcium release in CHO-B2 cells, which was blocked by NPC17731 but not by DALKD. These results demonstrate that B2 bradykinin receptors directly coupled to G alpha q/11 to regulate intracellular calcium release. CHO-B2 cell is a useful system that can be applied to study the effect of potential agents that may influence the B2 receptor function.

01 Jun 2000·HypertensionQ1 · MEDICINE

Antagonist-Induced Intracellular Sequestration of Rabbit Bradykinin B ₂ Receptor

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Larrivée, Jean-François ; Marceau, François ; Houle, Steeve ; Bachvarova, Magdalena ; Bouthillier, Johanne ; Bachvarov, Dimcho R.

Abstract —In a contractility assay based on the rabbit jugular vein, the structurally related drugs NPC 17731 or icatibant (1 to 3 nmol/L) were insurmountable antagonists of bradykinin (BK) B 2 receptors (B 2 Rs). After ample washing (3 hours), the antagonism exerted by these peptides was not reversible. By contrast, the antagonist LF 16.0687 (30 to 100 nmol/L) was competitive and reversible. A rabbit B 2 R–green fluorescent protein (B 2 R-GFP) conjugate was expressed in mammalian cells. In COS-1 cells, it exhibited an affinity for [ 3 H]BK ( KD =1.61 nmol/L) similar to that of the wild-type rabbit B 2 R. The stably expressed construction in HEK-293 cells was functionally active (phospholipase A 2 assay), and the antagonists mentioned above retained their respective surmountable or insurmountable behavior. Competition of [ 3 H]BK binding to B 2 R-GFP by the antagonists or BK was largely reversible after a 3-hour washout period at 0°C; at 37°C, icatibant or NPC 17731 effects were not reversible. B 2 R-GFP was visualized in the plasma membranes of HEK-293 cells and rapidly internalized in response to BK. NPC 17731 or icatibant slowly translocated B 2 R-GFP into cells over 24 hours, whereas LF 16.0687 had no effect on the subcellular distribution of B 2 R-GFP. Cell extract immunoblotting with anti-GFP antibodies revealed a 101- to 105-kDa protein that was not significantly degraded on 24 hours of cell treatment with any of the ligands but was translocated in part to the 15 000-g pellet of the extract on treatment with BK or the noncompetitive antagonists. NPC 17731 and icatibant are noncompetitive, nonequilibrium antagonists that promote the cellular sequestration of rabbit B 2 R expressed in an heterologous system.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Inflammation	Phase 3	US	Scios, Inc.	-
Pain	Phase 3	BR	-	-

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