Dear Sirs,Seizure and epilepsy are harmful and worsen the disabilityof stroke patients. In 1881, Hughlings Jackson [1, 2] firstnoted that the phenomenon of seizure activity was relatedto stroke and he described partial seizure that occurred inthe setting of embolic stroke. However, the phenomenon ofepilepsy has been known for over 3,000 years, the earliestrecorded account being in an Akkadian text called theSakikku (written around 1067–1046 BC) [3]. Since then,several studies have been published that observed theassociation between stroke and the ensuing seizure andpost-stroke epilepsy has become a well-recognized entity.However, it is unclear when this disease was first observedand reported in ancient time. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has a long and rich history, and has existed forthousands of years. It is still being used today as a formof healthcare in both China and worldwide. About2,000 years ago, Jinguiyaolue (Synopsis of Prescriptions ofthe Golden Chamber, SPGC) by Zhang Zhongjing (AD152–219) at the end of the Han Dynasty recorded theTanjian (Paralysis and Epilepsy) under the chapter titledZhongfeng (Apoplexy) which was treated by Fengyintang(Feng-yin Decoction, FYD)[4]. Thus, the relation betweenseizures and stroke was recognized in the third century inChina. From then on, studies on post-stroke epilepsy andits therapy have extended over thousands of years in Chinauntil now. There is a wealth of information and studies inthe Chinese literature. However, it is not readily accessibleto western scientists because of language barriers. The aimof this study is, therefore, to do historical research on post-stroke epilepsy in Chinese medical treatises, so as to fill agap in our knowledge by providing a translated summaryof related articles.Since ancient times, stroke and epilepsy have been verycommon and serious neurological disorders in the world.Written in the late part of the Warring States Period (BC476–221), the earliest extant Chinese prescription book,Wushierbingfang (Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases),described 52 diseases and 52 prescriptions in detail. Pre-scription for Epilepsy of Infant as a prescription for epi-lepsy has already been described in this book [5]. Theoldest and greatest extant classic TCM literature in China isHuangdineijing (Huangdi’s Internal Classic), which iscomposed of two books, Suwen (Plain Questions) andLingshu (Miraculous Pivot). It is actually a product ofvarious unknown authors from the Warring States Periodto the Han Dynasty (475 BC–220 AD). There are alsoseparate descriptions of stroke and epilepsy in this book[6]. This book describes different stroke-related symptomssuch as hemiplegia (paralysis on one side of the body),difficulty with speech, face distortion, loss of conscious-ness, paralysis with speech difficulty, and paralysis withunconsciousness. Under the section Miraculous Pivot inthis book, one type of stroke is described in the followingmanner. ‘‘Fei (one type of stroke) is a kind of disease. Thepatients present with sensory disturbance on the body andsoft paralysis of extremities. Patients with mild con-sciousness disorder and partial expressions are treatable.Patients with no verbal response are untreatable’’. It wasquite advanced at that time to judge the prognosis of strokeby the state of consciousness disorder, and to judge thelevel of consciousness by the ability to speak. Thedescriptions of epilepsy in Huangdi’s Internal Classic, andin many others published later, were the generalized