Bioactive potential of Distimake dissectus leaf: GC–MS analysis and in-vitro bioassays for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties

Author: Kamalakar, P. ; Nagaraju, R. ; Prabhakar, G.

Distimake dissectus (Jacq.) A.R.Simões & Staples. is belonging to the family Convolvulaceae.It is commonly called as ''alamo vine'' is a perennial herb.The current study investigates the GC-MS characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of D. dissectus.The methanolic leaf extract included 53 different phytochems., as determined by the GC-MS anal.The DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed the IC50 values of methanol extract 160.03±0.857, hexane extract 145.61±0.62, and ascorbic acid 24.12±0.313 resp.The anti-bacterial activity was studied by the Agar well-diffusion method with four concentrations (25μl, 50μl, 75μl and 100μl).The leaf extracts showed remarkable antibacterial activities, the maximum zone of inhibition observed in methanol extract compared to hexane extract for each bacterium was as follows., S. aureus (100μg/18mm), E. coli (100μg/18mm), S. pneumonia, (100μg/13mm), P. aeruginosa (100μg/14mm), the MIC was recorded its active at concentration of 200μg/mL in S. aureus and E. coli.The anti fungal activity was tested by well diffusion method, the methanol extract showed C. albicans (100μg/16mm) and hexane (100μg/14mm).The Griess test, which measures the anti-inflammatory response, was employed to assess the substances that inhibit the production of NO, at a concentration of 100μg/mL, the methanol extract exhibited a NO inhibition of 49.04±0.457.The current study's findings will pave the way for the creation of herbal remedies using.The findings of the current study on D. dissectus may pave the way for the development of herbal remedies for a variety of illnesses, potentially resulting in the creation of innovative therapeutics.

01 Apr 2024·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Development of a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for human urine (RaDPi-U)

Article

Author: Murata, Tasuku ; Zaitsu, Kei ; Hisatsune, Kazuaki ; Asano, Tomomi ; Iguchi, Akira ; Ogata, Koretsugu ; Taniguchi, Masaru

Drug screening tests are mandatory in the search for drugs in forensic biological samples, and immunological methods and mass spectrometry (e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) are commonly used for that purpose. However, these methods have some drawbacks, and developing new screening methods is required. In this study, we develop a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PESI-MS/MS), which is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry method, for human urine, named RaDPi-U. RaDPi-U is carried out in three steps: (1) mixing urine with internal standard (IS) solution and ethanol, followed by vortexing; (2) pipetting the mixture onto a sample plate for PESI; and (3) rapid-fire analysis by PESI-MS/MS. RaDPi-U targets 40 forensically important drugs, which include illegal drugs, hypnotics, and psychoactive substances. The analytical results were obtained within 3 min because of the above-mentioned simple workflow of RaDPi-U. The calibration curves of each analyte were constructed using the IS method, and they were quantitatively valid, resulting in good linearity (0.972-0.999) with a satisfactory lower limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation (0.01-7.1 ng/mL and 0.02-21 ng/mL, respectively). Further, both trueness and precisions were 28% or less, demonstrating the high reliability and repeatability of the method. Finally, we applied RaDPi-U to three postmortem urine specimens and successfully detected different drugs in each urine sample. The practicality of the method is proven, and RaDPi-U will be a strong tool as a rapid-fire drug screening method not only in forensic toxicology but also in clinical toxicology.

01 Feb 2023·CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Benzodiazepines and Sleep Architecture: A Systematic Review

Review

Author: de Azevedo Marques Périco, Cintia ; Sousa Martins Silva, Anderson ; Paiva, Henrique Soares ; Ventriglio, Antonio ; de Mendonça, Giulia Paulo Rossi Ribeiro ; Souza, Laura Costa ; Galvão, Lucas Pequeno ; Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, João ; Torales, Julio ; de Mendonça, Felipe Maraucci Ribeiro

Background:Insomnia, defined as a difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, is a relevant medical issue. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed to treat insomnia. Two phases characterize human sleep structure: sleep with Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and sleep with Rapid Eye Movement (REM). Physiological sleep includes NREM and REM phases in a continuous cycle known as “Sleep Architecture.”Objective:This systematic review summarizes the studies that have investigated effects of BZDs on Sleep Architecture.Methods:The articles selection included human clinical trials (in English, Portuguese, or Spanish) only, specifically focused on BZDs effects on sleep architecture. PubMed, BVS, and Google Scholar databases were searched.Results:Findings on BZDs effects on sleep architecture confirm an increase in stage 2 of NREM sleep and a decrease in time of stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep with a reduction in time of REM sleep during the nocturnal sleep.Conclusion:Variations in NREM and REM sleep may lead to deficits in concentration and working memory and weight gain. The increase in stage 2 of NREM sleep may lead to a subjective improvement of sleep quality with no awakenings. BZDz should be prescribed with zeal and professional judgment. These patients should be closely monitored for possible long-term side effects.

100 Deals associated with Haloxazolam

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01758	Haloxazolam	N03AE N05CD N05BA	DB01476

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	Japan	Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.	10 Jun 1980
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	Japan	Alfresa Pharma Corp.	10 Jun 1980

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