In a recent controlled study, the investigators explored cross-reactive immune responses against different Salmonella spp. in healthy volunteers immunized with either the oral (Vivotif® ) or parenteral (Typherix®) typhoid vaccines (ISRCTN68125331). In the present study immune responses will be studied in a group receiving both of these vaccines and in the previously immunized volunteers after booster immunization (same groups receive same vaccines 2-4 years after primary immunization).

Start Date01 Oct 2013

Sponsor / Collaborator

Helsinki University Central Hospital

EUCTR2011-001448-31-BE / Not yet recruitingPhase 2

A Phase 2, open-label, single-center, extension study to evaluate the booster response induced by Vi-CRM197 after priming with either Vi-CRM197 or Typherix administered in adult subjects in H01_04TP study

Start Date12 Sep 2011

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT00125008 / CompletedPhase 4IIT

Randomized Controlled Evaluation of the Vi Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever in Eastern Kolkata, West Bengal, India

This study is part of the International Vaccine Institute's (IVI's) typhoid Vi demonstration project that aims to accelerate the rational introduction of Vi vaccines in typhoid endemic countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the Vi vaccine following a mass typhoid immunization campaign in an endemic area in Kolkata, India. The cost-effectiveness of the Vi vaccination and the logistic feasibility of a mass typhoid immunization campaign will also be evaluated.

Start Date01 May 2003

Sponsor / Collaborator

International Vaccine Institute

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100 Clinical Results associated with Typhoid vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline)

100 Translational Medicine associated with Typhoid vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline)

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Typhoid vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline)

Literatures (Medical) associated with Typhoid vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline)

31 Dec 2024·Expert Review of Vaccines

Lessons from a decade of adult vaccine rollout in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Review

Author: Gerste, Amelia K ; Baidya, Anurima ; DeLuca, Andrea N ; Buis, Joeri S ; Kerkhoff, Andrew D ; Georgewill, Onimitein ; Gill, Michelle M ; Limaye, Rupali J ; Majidulla, Arman ; Pelzer, Puck T ; Jerene, Degu

INTRODUCTIONThe historical focus of vaccines on child health coupled with the advent of novel vaccines targeting adult populations necessitates exploring strategies for adult vaccine implementation.AREAS COVEREDThis scoping review extracts insights from the past decade's experiences introducing adult vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Among 25 papers reviewed, 19 focused on oral cholera vaccine, 2 on Meningococcal A vaccines, 2 on tetanus toxoid vaccine, 1 on typhoid vaccine, and 1 on Ebola vaccine. Aligned with WHO's Global Framework for New TB Vaccines for Adults and Adolescents, our findings center on vaccine availability, accessibility, and acceptance.EXPERT OPINIONAvailability findings underscore the importance of understanding disease burden for prioritization, multi-sectoral collaboration during planning, and strategic resource allocation and coordination. Accessibility results highlight the benefits of leveraging existing health infrastructure and adequately training healthcare workers, and contextually tailoring vaccine delivery approaches to reach challenging sub-groups like working male adults. Central to fostering acceptance, resonant sensitization, and communication campaigns engaging the communities and utilizing trusted local leaders countered rumors and increased awareness and uptake. As we approach the introduction of a new adult TB vaccine, insights from this review equips decision-makers with key evidence-based recommendations to support successful and equitable vaccinations targeting adults.

01 Aug 2024·ImmunoHorizons

Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines

Article

Author: Alugupalli, Kishore R.

AbstractMany bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, including the typhoid Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate (MCV4) vaccines, do not incorporate adjuvants and are not highly immunogenic, particularly in infants. I found that endotoxin, a TLR4 ligand in ViPS, contributes to the immunogenicity of typhoid vaccines. Because endotoxin is pyrogenic, and its levels are highly variable in vaccines, I developed monophosphoryl lipid A, a nontoxic TLR4 ligand–based adjuvant named Turbo. Admixing Turbo with ViPS and MCV4 vaccines improved their immunogenicity across all ages and eliminated booster requirement. To understand the characteristics of this adjuvanticity, I compared Turbo with alum. Unlike alum, which polarizes the response toward the IgG1 isotype, Turbo promoted Ab class switching to all IgG isotypes with affinity maturation; the magnitude of this IgG response is durable and accompanied by the presence of long-lived plasma cells in the mouse bone marrow. In striking contrast with the pathways employed by alum, Turbo adjuvanticity is independent of NLPR3, pyroptotic cell death effector Gasdermin D, and canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation mediated by Caspase-1 and Caspase-11, respectively. Turbo adjuvanticity is primarily dependent on the MyD88 axis and is lost in mice deficient in costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, indicating that Turbo adjuvanticity includes activation of these pathways. Because Turbo formulations containing either monophosphoryl lipid A or TLR2 ligands, Pam2CysSerLys4, and Pam3CysSerLys4 help generate Ab response of all IgG isotypes, as an adjuvant Turbo can improve the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines against a wide range of bacterial pathogens whose elimination requires appropriate IgG isotypes.

01 Aug 2024·Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

An epidemiological study on morbidity profile among food handlers in Panaji city, Goa

Article

Author: Pradhan, Saili S. ; Cacodcar, Jagdish A. ; Akarkar, Nikhil S. ; Jose, Dhanya

ABSTRACTContext:Access to safe and nutritious food is key to promoting good health. An estimated 600 million fall ill after eating contaminated food, for which food handlers may constitute a common source of contamination. In addition to unhealthy food handlers, disease carriers handling the food play an equally important role in transmitting these diseases and pose a significant threat to public health. This study, therefore, aimed to know the morbidity profile among the food handlers employed in various food establishments in Panaji city.Methods and Material:Using stratified sampling techniques, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 227 participants selected from 12 food establishments. We did three visits to each food establishment. We excluded food handlers who were unavailable despite three visits at fortnightly intervals and those who did not consent to the study. We administered a pre-designed and pre-structured questionnaire to each participant. A general examination and laboratory investigations, including stool and urine routine, were performed on all participants. We performed descriptive and analytical statistics by using SPSS version 14Results:Out of the 227 study participants, 79 (34.8%) had at least one morbidity at the time of examination. None of the food handlers had received a single dose of typhoid, hepatitis A, or cholera vaccines. Most (74.4%) study participants did not administer deworming tabletsConclusions:We found that the health status of the study participants was substandard. Food safety may be in peril among food handlers with lower education backgrounds with morbidities as they may have little understanding of the risk of microbial contamination of food. Therefore, it is essential to create awareness among them.

100 Deals associated with Typhoid vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline)

R&D Status

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Typhoid Fever	GB	GSK Plc	29 Aug 1998

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hepatitis A	Preclinical	-	GSK Plc	01 May 2002

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